AQUATIC INSECTS IX NEW YORK STATE 289' 



Bupertsberg-er, Mathias. Biologie der KJifer Europas. Eine Ueber- 

 sicht der biologischeu Literatur gegeben iu einem alphabetischeu Person- 

 cu- luid systematisoben Sacb-Register nebst einem Larveu-Cataloge. Linz 

 a. d. Donau. ISSO. O. 295p. 



Die biologische Literatur iiber die Kafer Europas vrn; 



18S0 an. Mit Nacbtnigen aus friiberer Zeit und einem Ivarven-Cataloge. 

 Linz a. d. Donau und Niederrana. 1894. O. 310p. 



Tbe two papers given above include tbe references to tbe literature on 

 tbe transformations of European Coleoptera. Tbey are useful to tbe 

 American student for tbe references to tbe species common to Europe and 

 Nortb America tbat tbey contain. Tbe larger families of Coleoptera are 

 found in botb countries, and, by looking up tbese references, it is possible 

 to determine tbe type of larvae to be expected in tbe American fauna in 

 tbose families wbere tbey are unknown. 



Schiodte, J. C. De Metamorpbosi Eleutberatorum observationes: Bidrag 

 til insekternes udeldvikliugsbistoire. Kjobenbaven. 1861-83. 2v. 0. 86pl.- 



Eacb volume is made up of a number of separate parts wbicb were 

 originally publisbed separately in tbe Saertryk af Natiirhistorisk Tidsskrift. 

 Tbougb tbls work deals entirely witb European insects, yet tbe families 

 and genera in most cases are found in tbis country. Tbe text is written 

 in Latin, tbe descriptions are very full and suggestive. Tbe figures are- 

 excellent; tbey are printed from copper plates and sbow tbe entire form 

 of tbe larva and pupa, togetber witb many useful structural details. 



!Perris, Edouard. Larves de Coleopteres. Paris 1887. gr. O. 590p.. 

 14pl. witb 5T9flg. 



Tbls work consists mainly of descriptions of larvae and pupae, and tbe 

 figures deal almost entirely witb structural details. 



In hope of interesting and aiding others in the stud^^ of the- 

 transformations of the Coleoptera, the following table has been: 

 prepared. It is based in great part on the facts contained in 

 the papers mentioned above and deals only with the more 

 important families. No one can be more conscious of its imper- 

 fections than the writer; but a poor tool is better than no tooL 



KEY TO FAMILIES OF COLEOPTEROUS LARVAEi 



a Tarsi witb two claws 



b Mandibles of tbe usual type, witb teetb at tbe base or at middle 

 c Abdomen not provided witb long, slender lateral filaments 

 d Cerci present, in some cases small; ocelli six 



e Abdomen and legs ambulatory; abdomen witb eigbt pairs of 



spiracles C a r a b i d a e 



ee Abdomen and legs natatory; abdomen witb seven pairs of 



spiracles Ampbizoidae 



dd Cerci wanting; ocelli four; witb books on tbe dorsum 



C i c i n d e 1 i d a e 



CO Abdomen provided witb long, slender lateral filaments wbicb serve 



as tracbeal gills G y r i n i d a e 



iln tbe following table tbe term setae is applied only to tbose small 

 hairs tbat arise from a single bypodermal cell like tbose of tbe Dermes- 

 tidae. Cerambycidae. and Kuprestidae; and tbe term spine is restricted to 

 tbe strongly cbitinized bairs tbat are developed as projections of tbe body 

 wall, like tbose of tbe Coccinellidae and tbe Cassidinae of tbe Cbrysomei- 

 idae. 



