338 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



Osten Sacken, C. B. On the Transformations of Simulium. Am. Ent. 



2:229. With references 

 Planchon, J. E. Histodre d'une larva aquatique des genre SimuUum. 



Montpellier. 1844. p.l5 

 Pohl. (Pohl & Koller). "A Brazilian Pest," in Reise in das Innere von 



Brazil. 1832 

 Riley, C. V. The Death Web of Young Trout. Net of Simulium larvae. 



Am. Ent. 1870. 2:227-28 

 S. p i s c i c i d i u m. Am. Ent. 1870. p.366, 367 



Simulium from Lake Superior. Am. Nat. 1881. 15:916 



Buffalo Gnat Problem, abstract. Am. Ass'n Adv. Sci. Proc. for 



1887. May 1888. 86:362 



S. pecuarum and meridionale. U. S. Com. Agric. Rep't 



for 1886. 1887. p.459-592 

 Schiodte, S. f u s c i p e s. Kvaegmyggen. Berlingske Tidende. May 16, 



1878 

 .Schoabauer. Geschichte der schaedlichen Kolumbatczer Miicken in 



Bannat. 1795 

 Theobald. Simulium Larvae. British Flies. p.l66 

 Tomosvary, Edward. Im Auftrage d. K. ung. Minist. f. Ackerbau, etc. 



Uebers. v. Job. Wieny. 1885 

 Townsend, C. H. T. On the Correlation of Habit in Nematocerous and 



Brachycerous Diptera, between Aquatic Lai'vae and Blood-sucking Adult 



Females. N. Y. Ent. Soc. Jour. 3:134, 136 

 On a species of Simulium from Grand Canon of Colorado. Am. 



Ent. Soc. Trans. 1893. 20:45 

 Verdat, G. J. Memoire pour servir a I'histoire des Simulies. Natun\'. 



Anz. d. Schweiz. G<es. 1822 

 Webster, F. M. Report ou the Buffalo Gnats. U. S. Dep't Agric. Div. 



Ent. Bui. 4. 1887. p.29 

 Weissmann. Ueber die Entstehung des vollendeten Insecten in Larve 



und Puppe, p,.25-30, tab. 1, 2, 3 

 Westwood. The Water Cress Fly. Gardner's Chron. 1848. p.204 



The life histories of some of the members of this family have 

 long been known. Otto Fabricius in 1784^ published an arti- 

 cle, ^' Beschreibung der Atlasmiicke und ihrer Puppe." A little 

 later (1795) Schonbauer published his account of the immature 

 stages of the Columbacz midge. He was the first to state 

 that these earlier stages are passed in the water. In 

 1822 appeared Verdat's paper, on Simulium se ri- 

 ce um (=S. rep tans, according to Schiner) in which 

 he figures the pupa, the larva, together with enlarged 

 details of the mouth parts of the latter. Among other 

 early writings on life history may be mentioned Fries'a 



1 Schr. d. Berl. Ges. naturf. Fr. 5:254-59, tab.3, fig.1-5. 



