— 47 — 



to each other and to the abdomen. The prothorax is freely 

 movable and is constricted at its articulation with the meso- 

 thorax, so that it appears to form all of the second or 

 thoracic region of the body. The insertion of the hinder 

 two pairs of legs, however, shows that part of what at first 

 glance appears to belong entirely to the abdominal region of 

 the body really belongs to the thorax. The body-wall is 

 very strongly chitinized, the body being enclosed in a verit- 

 able coat of armor. The hea'd projects horizontally from 

 the body instead of hanging vertically across the front, as 

 with the locust, and the flattening of the body is evident in 

 all regions, head, thorax, and abdomen. ' 



PARTS OF THK HEAD. 

 THE FIXED PARTS OF THE HEAD. 



The fixed parts of the head are fused so as to form a 

 strong and rigid box, which is elongated and flattened. 



Epicranium. — The epicranium bears on its cephalic por- 

 tion two impressed lines which run cephalad until they meet 

 the transversal clypcal suture, the suture separating the 

 clypeus from the epicranium. L,aterad of each of the im- 

 pressed lines on the epicranium there is, forming the dorso- 

 lateral margin of the head, a sharp ridge called the frontal 

 ridge, which runs cephalad from the dorsal margin of the 

 eye. The antennae arise just below the cephalic end of 

 this frontal ridge an a short, rounding groove running 

 cephalad from the eye. On the epicranium just above 

 each compound eye are two, long hairs arising from distinct 

 pits, these pits are called setigerous punctures. Similar punct- 

 ures and hairs' are found also near the lateral margins of the 

 clypeus. 



Clypeus. — The clypeus is broader than long, and projects 

 cephalad between the bases of the mandibles. Projecting 



