Ix PROCEEDI^'GS OF THE 



with spirit, as evidenced by sucii names as Holmgren, Kinber^, 

 Liljeborg, Malm, Malmgren, G. 0. Sars, Stal, Thorell, and others in 

 Zoology, and Agardh, Andersson, Areschong, Fries, Hartmann, and 

 others in Botany, Two of the Academies to whose pubhcations 

 Linnaeus contributed, those of IJpsala and Stockholm, continue to 

 issue their Transactions and Proceedings ; and to these are now 

 added the memoirs published by the University of Lund. They lost 

 Linnseus's own collections ; and the Zoological Museum at IJpsala, 

 when I saw it many years since, was poor ; that of Stockholm 

 better, and in excellent order. In the Herbaria, Thunberg's and 

 Afzelius's collections are deposited at Upsala, and Swartz's at Stock- 

 holm, where the Herbarium of the Academy of Sciences has been of 

 late years considerably increased under the care of Dr. Andersson , 



The Scandinavian Fauna and Flora have been generally well in- 

 vestigated. The numerous Floras published of late years show con- 

 siderable attention on the part of* the general public. I observe 

 that Hartmann's Handbook is at its tenth edition ; Andersson 

 has published 500 woodcut figures of the commoner plants, taken 

 chiefly from Fitch's illustrations of my British Handbook ; and my 

 lists contain many papers on Swedish Cryptogams. The relation of 

 the Scandinavian vegetation to that of other countries has also been 

 specially treated of by Zetterstedt, who compared it with that of the 

 Pyrenees — and by Areschoug, Andersson, Ch. Martins, and others, as 

 aUuded to in more detail in my Address of 1869, Many works have 

 succeeded each other on the Vertebrate Fauna since the days of Lin- 

 nseus ; amongst which those of Liljeborg as to Vertebrata in general 

 and of Simdevall as to Birds are still in progress. The Crustacea, 

 Mollusca, and lower animals have been the subjects of numerous 

 papers, the marine and freshwater faunas having been more espe- 

 cially investigated by the late M, Sars and by G. 0. Sars ; and Th. 

 Thorell, in the Upsala Transactions, has given an elaborate review 

 of the European genera of Spiders, evidently a work of great care, 

 preceded by apposite remarks on their generic classification, and 

 a general comparison of the Arachnoid faunae of Scandinavia and 

 Britain, all in the English language although pubHshed in Sweden. 

 This work, however, does not extend to species, beyond naming a 

 type (by which I trust is meant an example, not the type) of each 

 genus ; nor is the geographical range of the several genera given. 

 There appears to be no general work on Scandinavian Insects, 



The Fauna and Flora of Spitzbergen have specially occupied 

 Swedish naturalists. To the accounts of the Vertebrata by Malm- 

 gren, and of the Lichens by T. M, Fries, have now been added, in 



