XXXIV PROCEEDINGS OF TEE 



took a keen interest in the stndy of tlieir forms and natural history. 

 For upwards of ten years before the attention of others was directed 

 to his pursuits, and before he had formed the acquaintance of any of 

 his scientific friends, he had been working steadily at his favourite 

 science. At this period of his life he had to travel much in Spain 

 and elsewhere on business. As his collections grew in size, he saw 

 the desirability of obtaining specimens by other means than by 

 merely collecting on the shore or by searching for laud- and fresh- 

 water species, and he was one of the first to devote much time to 

 deep-sea dredging. He first began with an open boat, then took to 

 a sailing-boat, and subsequently fitted out two yachts, in which he 

 cruised half the year or more, and in which way he discovered many 

 undescribed species of MoUusca. After he had collected for about 

 ten years, and when his discoveries began to attract some attention, 

 he made the acquaintance of the late Professor Edward Forbes, and 

 their friendship was most intimate during Edward Forbes's life. By 

 him he was introduced to many conchologists and others eminent in 

 natural history. Mr. MacAndrew attended the meetings of the 

 British Association for many years, and was much interested in all 

 the proceedings in Section D. He continued to collect with unceasing 

 assiduit)'. He cruised in the British seas, Wales, Scotland, the 

 Channels, and the deep-sea banks off" the Hebrides, Shetland, &c., 

 and he also explored the coasts of Spain, Portugal, the Mediterranean, 

 Norway, the Azores, Madeira, the Canary Islands, and the Red Sea. 

 He was constant in his visits to the British Museum, where he was 

 assiduous in the comparison of specimens ; and up to the last week 

 of his life he worked in arranging and adding to his collections. 

 Mr. MacAndrew retired from business in 1867, having, however, for 

 many years ceased to take a very active part in commercial pursuits. 

 As regards his scientific work he may be said to have been quite self- 

 educated. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1853, 

 and in 1872 the " Prix Savigny " of the French Academy for 1870 

 was divided between him and M. Issel, of Genoa, a gold medal 

 being awarded to each, — to Mr. MacAndrew for his Report on the 

 Testaceous MoUusca of the Gulf of Suez, published in the ' Annals of 

 Natural History ' in 1870 (vol. vi. p. 429) ; to M. Issel for his work 

 ' Malacologia del Mar Rosso,' published at Pisa in 1869. Mr. Mac- 

 Andrew's contributions to science, contained in numerous detached 

 papers, are extremely valuable. In the Proceedings of the Literary 

 and Philosophical Society of Liverpool are to be found papers by him 

 on marine dredging and on the geographical distribution of Testa- 



