Iviii PEOCEEDINaS OF THE 



regime of Christian socialism. Alton Locke becomes a Chartist 

 because he sees in masters and rulers the true natural foes of the 

 workers and the governed ; just as he is almost driven into infi- 

 delity by the perfunctory and lifeless manner in which clergy- 

 men discharge their pastoral and ecclesiastical duties. So long 

 as competition exists in its present aggressive and embittering 

 shape, Chartism and E-evolution must be always imminent — that 

 is the central principle of Mr. Kingsley in these three produc- 

 tions. Both in the pamphlet and in the lecture he undertakes 

 to show how this course of extreme competition may be re- 

 moved. The futility of his own scheme was practically recog- 

 nized by Mr. Kingsley himself, who in his later works ignored his 

 earlier crotchets. In 1857 he gave the world ' Two Tears Ago,' 

 a fiction similar in purpose to 'Alton Locke.' ' Westward Ho ! ' 

 came out in 1854. In it the religious influences of the Elizabe- 

 than era, the services which Elizabethan Protestantism rendered 

 to the cause of political as well as religious freedom, were brought 

 out by Mr. Kingsley in a manner that won it instant recognition 

 as a novel that was a worthy commentary upon the time to which 

 it relates. 



In the two years that preceded the appearance of ' Westward 

 Ho ! ' Mr. Kingsley had published two works of a different cha- 

 racter, ' Phaeton ' and * Hypatia,' the former a dialogue on the 

 subject of religious doubts, the latter a romance a pro'pos oi t\ve 

 attempted pagan Alexandrian revival. The lectures which Mr. 

 Kingsley delivered immediately after this on 'Alexandria and her 

 Schools ' showed how considerable was his knowledge of a subject 

 in which direction his studies had only led him at a comparatively 

 late period. Other works followed in swift succession ; ' Grlaucus, 

 or the Wonders of the Shore,' was a collection of marine studies, 

 ' The Water Babies ' was destined to exercise an influence that is 

 already appreciable, and ' The Three Eishers ' long since acquired 

 an immortality. In his later years Mr. Kingsley chiefly devoted 

 himself to his lectures at Cambridge, and to his sermons and 

 treatises on questions of theological controversy or of social and 

 sanitary interest. He wrote "Hereward" in 'Good Words;' 

 but that was a novel by no means to be compared with ' West- 

 ward Ho! ;' he has given us a graphic sketch of his. trip to the 

 tropics in 'At Last ;' ' Eoman and Teuton,' ' The Begime Ancien ' 

 (both purely historical), and a collection of papers on topics con- 

 pected with, public health, public cleanliness, and the necessity of 



