1. ral:,cs. 21 



p. l'l'o (S. Spain); Fritseh, J. f. O. 1871, p. 380 ('B..hf'n]ia) ; 

 It. dray, B. W. Scotl. p. :'>:M (1871); Ilartim/, Ilundh. Brit. B. 

 p. ru ("187l') ; tSltelleij, U. Eji/pt:, p. -ll-', (1872); Heiu/lin, Orn. 

 X.O.-Afr. ii. pt. 1, p. 124(j (187;5: Xile Delta; Adowa) ; ISvoertz. 

 Tiirkest. Jevotn. p. 6'J (1873); Brooke, lOis, 1873, p. 336 (Sardinia); 

 fSaxhi/, B. !Shetl. p. 222 (1874); Irhj, B. Gibr. p. 144 (1^75); 

 Cordeutu; If/is, 1875, p. 18()(llelif,'i)land) ; Danf. ^- Ilarvie-Brovni 

 t. c. p. 418 (Transylvania); Fallon, Ois. Belij. p. 181 (187o); 

 T)rem-r, Ilm, 1870, p. 412; Blanf. Eaxt. I'ermi, ii. p. 288 (1876) ; 

 Jl'/iartun, I/tia, 18/0, p. 27 (Corsica); Scul/i/, fifr. F. iv. p. 1!)3(1876: 

 Yarkand) ; I'dcz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii. p. iCO (1877 : I'oland) ; 

 Dresser, B. Eur. \ii. p. 2.57, pi. 4'J-'3 (1878) ; Bogd. B. Cauc. p. 145 

 (1879); Iluvie ^- Mar.ih. Game B. Ind. ii. p. 2(!1 (1879); Hume, 

 Str. F. viii. p. 113(1879); Collin, Skand. Fuqie, Taf. xxxviii. 

 fig. 2, Suppl. pi. xviii. fig. 2 (1879); Bidd. Ibi^, 1881, p. 98 

 (Gilgit) ; iScully, t. c. p. .591 ; Seeb. Ibis, 1882, p. 226 (Astrachan) ; 

 Marsc/i. .S- Felz. Orn. Findob. p. 117 (1882) ; B. O. U. List Brit. 

 B. p. 146 (1883) ; ISeeb. Ilm, 1883, p. 27 (Caiicasii.«) ; Irby, t. c. 

 p. 185 (Santander) ; Booth, liouyh Notes, vol. ii. (1883) ; Saunders, 

 ed. Tarrell, Br. B. iii. p. 1-59 (1883) ; Seeb. Hist. Br. B. ii. p. 5.52, 

 pi. 23 (lb84); Tristr. Faun. ^- Ftor. Palest, p. 125 (1884); Chapw. 

 Ibis, 1^!84, p. 92 (Andalucia) ; Eayle Clark, t. c. p. 147 (Sdavonia); 

 Saunders, t.c. p. 388 (Pyrenees); Bor^d. Consp. A v. Imp. Boss. 

 p. 49 (1884) ; Badde, Ort'i. Cauc. p. 384 (1884); Whitehead, Ibis, 

 188.5, p. 44 (Coraca) ; Biichner, J.f. O. 188-5, p. 207 (St. Peters- 

 burg) ; Zarudn. Bull. Soc. Mosc. 1885, p. 66; Gi(/l. Icon. Ai-if. 

 Itat. pi. cccix. (188'-;); id. Arif. Ital. p. 348 (1886); Olphe-Gall. 

 Coiitr. Faun. Orn. Eur. occid. fasc. .xvi. p. 6 (1887); Salvad. 

 Blench. Ucc. Ital. p. 233 (1887); Backh. Ibis, 1887, p. 7.{ 

 (11 Pyrenees); Tait, t. c. p. 381 (Portugal); Ilartert, J.f. O. 

 1887, p. 26.5 (Niederrliein) ; Scully, J. A. S. Beny. hi. p. 87 (1887) ; 

 Sharpe, Trans. Linn. Soc. (2) Zool. v. pt. 3, p. 89 (1889) ; Giyl. 

 Avif. It'i!- l«t liesoc. p. 538 (1889); Lilford, Ibis, 1889, p. 336 

 (Cyprus) ; Beichen. Syst. Verz. Joy. iJeu/schl. p. 44 (1880) ; 

 .Madurdsz, Atist. Umjar. r'^Y/p//". p. 112 ( l<";91); Beifer, Vii</. Mtis. 

 Sarajevo, p. 116 (1891) ; Bird, Zool. 1890, pp. 458-460 (Norfolk) ; 

 Frivaldsky, Av. Iluny. p. 151 (1891); Sharpe, Bep. -Ind Yark. 

 Miss. Aves, p. 146 (1891); Giitke, For/elw. Ilelyoland, p. 529 

 (1891) ; Lilford, Col. Fig. Brit. B. part x'k. (1891) ; Ilartert, Ibis, 

 1892, p. 513 (E. Prussia). 



Le Kale d'eau, Buff. Hist. Xat. Ois. viii. p. 154, pi. 13 (1781). 



Scolopax obscura, S. G. Gniel. Meise Bu^sl. iii. p. 90, pi. 17 (1784). 



llallus sericeus, Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. etc. Brit. Mas. p. 3;^ 

 (1816). 



Rallus germauicus, Brehm, Voy. Deutschl. p. 690 (1831). 



Pallus minor, Brehm, J'oyelf. p. 328 (1855). 



Kallus fuscilateralis, Brehm, Voyelf. p. 328 (1855). 



Ilallus indicus, pt., Jerd. B. Ind. iii. p. 726 ( 1864). 



-Vranius aquaticus, Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 59, no. 10408 (1871). 



Adult male in summer plumarje. General colour above olive-brown, 

 broadly streaked with black, the feathers being all longitudinally 

 centred with black, tlie rumj) more uniform olive-brown ; the upper 

 tail-coverts centred with black like the back ; wing-coverts and 

 inner secondaries like the back ; the outer coverts, bastard-wing, 

 primary-coverts, and wings bb-ckisb brown, quite uniform, or slightly 



