42 



abdomen being white, with scarcely any dusky cross bars, which 

 are, however, more distinct on the sides of the body. There is a 

 distinct indication of an orange-bufF band on the fore neck. As 

 ever}- young bird in the collection carries this orange-buff band on 

 the throat, it is evident that it is to some extent a sign of imma- 

 turity. The nest stage is shown by a Philippine specimen, which 

 has nearly completed its moult, and here we find that the lower 

 throat, above the orange band, is barred with black and white. 

 This is apparently the next definite stage of the plumage, and then 

 gradually, as the bird gets older, it loses the orange band altogether. 

 The large majority of Australian birds possess a broad prsepectoral 

 band, and I have never seen a single specimen which had absolutelj' 

 lost all trace of the orange, as is the case with the majority of the 

 Philippine and Fijian specimens. It is probable that in the last two 

 localities the loss of the proepectoral band is as much a feature of the 

 species as its development is characteristic of the Australian form. 

 Yet there is no reason for separating the species into races, because 

 there is absolutely no character by which these differences can be 

 defined. Some birds are darker, especially on the flanks, some are 

 lighter, some have spots and some bars on the hind neck; but I 

 believe that these differences could be easily accountedfor hy age, and 

 perha]is a little variation in plumage takes place according to season. 

 Hah. Indo-Malayan Islands from the Philippines to Celebes, and 

 throughout the Moluccas to Australia, Xew Zealand, and the Pacific 

 Islands. 



a-d. J ad. et juv. 



sk. 

 e. Ad. sk. 

 /. Ad. sk. 

 (/, h. S ad. ; i, j. 



Juv. sk. 

 k. (5 juv. sk. 

 I. J ad. sk. 

 m, n. tS ad. ; o. $ 



juv. sk. 

 ;). Ad. sk. 



q. Ad. sk. 



r, s. Ad. sk. 

 t, u. Ad. sk. 

 V. Ad. St. 

 tv. Ad. sk. 

 .?', y, z. Ad. sk 

 «', b' . Ad. sk. 

 c. $ ad. sk. 



d\ Ad. sk. 

 e'. Ad. sk. 



/'. Ad. sk. 

 ,'/', li. Ad. sk. 



Monte Albau, Luzon, Feb., 



March (.4. H. Erereft). 

 Celebes. 

 Celebes. 

 Macassar. 



Bouru. 



East Timor. 



Raiue Island, Torres Straits. 



Channel Rock, Torres 

 Straits, June (Z)/-. Co})- 

 pinyer). 



Australia. 



Australia. 



AustraUa. 



Australia. 



Queensland. 



Queen.sland (J. T. CocJcerell). 



South Qiieen.tland. 



Morton Island, Oct. 19 {J. 



McGillivray). 

 Port Albany (C. Co.ven). 

 Port Essingtou. 



South Australia. 

 South Australia. 



Tweeddale Coll. 



Tweeddale Coll. 

 Goidd Coll. 

 WaUace Coll. 



Wallace Coll. 

 Wallace Coll. 

 Voy. H.M.S. 'Chal- 

 lenger.' 

 Yoy. H.M.S. 'Alert.' 



A. Cunningham, Esq. 



[P.]. 



Sir D. Cooper [P.]. 



Gould Coll. 



Lady Carrington [P.]. 



Mrs. Simpson [P.]. 



Salvin-Godman Coll. 



Tweeddale Coll. 



Yoy. H.M.S. ' Rattle- 

 snake.' 



Tweeddale Coll. 



J. li. Jukes, Esq. 

 [P.]. 



Sir G. Grey [P.]. 



C. D. E. Fortuum, 

 Esq. [P.]. 



