30. LiM.Non.t:Nus. 147 



and more Ijlackish : Aving-coverts like the Lack ; bastanl-wiiij;, 

 primary-coverts, and (luills blackish, externally olive, the inner- 

 most secondaries like the back ; tail-feathers black ; crown of head 

 deep vinous chestnut, becomiiij^ olive towards the hinder crown and 

 nape, which is olive like the hind neck ; sides of crown, sides of 

 face, and under surface of body deep vinous chestnut, a little lighter 

 on the chin ; sides of body and flanks as well as the lower abdomen 

 dark olive ; the feathers on the abdomen, lower flanks, and sides of 

 vent fringed M'illi white ; thighs uniform olive ; under tail-coverts 

 black, fringed with white ; under wing-coverts and axillaries dark 

 olive, fringed with whitish ; (juills below dusky : " bill greenish 

 brown ; legs and toes red ; hinder part of leg fuscous ; iris crimson ; 

 eyelids plumbeous, the edges red " (A'. IF. Oates). Total length 

 7'8 inches, culmen 0-Ji, wing 4, tail 1'8, tarsus 1'4. 



AihiU female. Scarcely different in colour from the male, but a 

 little paler, especially as regards the nnous colour of the throat and 

 breast. Total length 8 inches, culmen 0-9, wing 4'05, tail 1"01, 

 tarsus 1*3. 



This species varies considerably in size, but it would seem impos- 

 sible to recognize more than one form. A series of specimens from 

 Ceylon and Southern India have the wing from 3"5 to 3'8 inches. 

 Others from Central and Northern India are somewhat larger, with 

 the wing measuring a trifle over 4 inches. The males from Calcutta 

 have the wing from 4'0 to 4-35 inches, and the females have the 

 wing from 3'85 to 4-2 inches. In the Malayan Peninsula, Java, 

 and the Philippine Islands the dimensions are again small, the wing 

 measuring from 3"5 to 3'8o inches. The largest specimens are 

 from China and Japan, the wing never being less than 4 inches, 

 measuring, in fact, from 4'2 to 4"G inches. The amount of white 

 on the throat, which is considered by some writers to be a character 

 for distinguishing the Japanese and Chinese bird, is very vari- 

 able, and seems to be a sign of immaturity, as there are red-throated 

 and white-throated birds from nearly every locality enumcratedbclow. 



YouH(j. Entirely different from the adults. General colour above 

 uniform dark olive, with a slight tinge of vinous on the forehead 

 and above t he eye ; sides of face dusky brown ; throat white ; fore 

 neck and remainder of under surface whitish, barred with dusky 

 olive ; the sides of body, flanks, and thighs xiniform dark olive ; 

 under tail-coverts black, broadly barred and tipped with white ; 

 under wing-covcrts dark olive edged Avith white. 



Hah. Indian Peninsula and Ceylon, IJurmese countries to Malayan 

 Peninsxda, Java, and the Philippines, Japan, and China. 



