1. aKus. 253 



Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 08 (1873 : breeding) ; Hume, Str. F. i. 

 p. 2-"3o (187.J : Sind, Punjab) ; Adam, t. c. p. 395 (Sambhur) ; Tacz. 

 J.f. 0. 1873, p. 100 (Kultuk), 1874, p. 336 ; Ball, Str. F. ii. p. 430 

 (1874 : Damuda, Mahaiiadi) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 246 

 (1876); Butler, Str. F. iv. p. 14 (1876: Guzerat) ; id. Sir. F. v. 

 p. 232 (1877) ; Fairb. t. c. p. 263 (Ahmednuggur) ; Prjev. in 

 Rotoley's Orn. Misc. ii. p. 436 (1877 : Kansu) ; David l^- Omt. Ois. 

 Chine, p. 434 (1877 : winters in China) ; Finsch, Ibis, 1877, p. 50 

 (River Ob; Alakul)); Blakist. ^- Prijer, Ibis, 1878, p. 224; Ball, 

 Str. F. vii. p. 227 (Manbhum) ; Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 

 xxix. p. 247 (1879) ; Seeb. Ibis, 1879, p. 28 (Japan), p. 49 (Toora, 

 River Ob) ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 112 (1879) ; Murray, Vertebr. 

 Faun. Sind, p. 237 (1884) ; Styan, Ibis, 1891, pp. 329, 502 (Lower 

 Yangtze ; winter) ; Be la Touche, Ibis, 1892, p. 495 (Swatow, 

 winter) . 



Grus longii'ostris, Blyth (nee Temm. 4" Schl.), B. Burm. p. 157 

 (1875). 



Grus communis {nee Bechst.), Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 324; Davids. Sf 

 Wenden, Sir. F. vii. p. 88 (1878 : Deccan) ; Hume, Str. F. viii. 

 p. 112 (1879); Scully, t. c. p. 352 (Nepal Terai; Hetoura Doon); 

 Butler, Cut. B. Sind etc. p. 60 (1879) : id. Cat. B. S. Bomb. Pres. 

 p. 75 (1880) ; Hume ^- Marsh. Game B. hid. iii. p. 21, pi. 3 (1880) ; 

 Butler, Str. F. ix. p. 427 (1881 : Deccan) ; Eeid, Str. F. x. p. m 

 (1881: Lucknow) ; Davidson, t. c. p. 320 (1882: Khandeish) ; 

 Simson, Ibis, 1882, p. 93 (Dacca) ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. «0 ; P-jev. 

 t. c. p. 243 (\V. Tibet) ; Blahist. Amended List B. Japan, p. 24 

 (1884 : Hondo) ; Pleske, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (7) xxxvi. p. 49 

 (1888: Tschinas). 



Grus cinerea, /3. cineracea {nee Brehm), Severtz. J. f. 0. 1875, p. 182. 



Grus communis, var. orientalis {nee Frankl.), Tegetm. ed. JSlyth, 

 Monogr. Cranes, p. 59 (1881). 



Grus grus orientalis {nee Frankl.), S/ejn. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. xxix. 

 p. 317 (1885 : Kamtschatka and Bering Isl.) ; id. Proc. U.S. Nat. 

 Mus. X. p. 134 (1887: Bering Isl.) 



Adult male. Similar to G. cinerea, but everjTv^here much paler, 

 the ornamental secondaries being light ashy grey instead of dark 

 slate-colour as iu G. cinerea : " only a narrow band of red skin 

 crossing the vertex " {E. Blyth). Total length about 36 inches, 

 culmen -t-", wing 22, tail 8, tarsus 9-5, middle toe and claw 4-2. 



Full-(jroivn youncj. Light ashy grey, but the upper surface much 

 obacui'ed by isabelline tips to the leathers ; the inner secondaries not 

 drooping as in the adult, but slightly falcate ; the head and neck 

 rusty coloured ; the tlu'oat paler rust-colour and the neck below paler 

 with a slight ashy tinge ; the crown of the head sparsely feathered, 

 but not so bare as in the adult bird. The isabelline margins to the 

 feathers are very conspicuous in the young birds ; they are also seen 

 in birds killed in the winter, but whether they are indicative of 

 winter plumage in the adults, or are remains of the preceding imma- 

 ture plumage, I am not able to say. 



Youiuj lull f -(frown. Similar in colour of plumage to the adult, 

 but with rufous tips to the feathers, the head rufescent as well as 

 the sides of the face, the throat and neck covered with a downy 

 plumage of a reddish colour, 



Uab. Eastern Siberia, wintering in the Yangtze baain, probably 



