3l8 OTIDID^. 



11. HOUBARA. 



Type. 



Houlbara, Bjh Saggio met. Ucc. Europ. p. 144 (1831) . . H. undulata. 

 Chlamjdotis, Less. Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 47 H. undulata. 



Range. Desert countries of the Mediterranean, ranging from the 

 Canary Islands east to Egypt and Palestine and throughout Central 

 Asia to N. W. India. 



Key to the Species. 



a. Fore neck and chest bluish grey ; crest white 



with black tips to the feathers macqueenii, p. 318. 



h. Fore neck and chest white hke the rest of the 



under surface ; crest white undulata, p. 320. 



1. Houbara macqueenii. 



Otis houbara [nee Desf.), Bechst. Orn. Taschenb. pi. 19 (1802) ; Naum. 

 fog. Deidschl. vii. pi. 170 (1834) ; Nordm. in Demid. Voy. Russie 

 merid. iii. p. 229 (1840) ; Filippi, Viagg. Pers. p. 351 (1865) ; 

 Borggr. Vogelf. Norddeutschl. p. 106 (1869) ; Seebolun, Ibis, 1882, 

 p. 221 (Astrakhan), 1883, p. 28 (Caucasus) ; Radde, Orn. Cauc, 

 p. 410 (1884). 



Otis macqueenii, Gray ^ Kardio. Illiistr. Ind. Zool. ii. pi. 47 (1834) ; 

 Hutton, J. A. S. Beug. xvi. p. 786 (1847 : Candahar) ; Blyth, Cat. 

 B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 258 (1849); Gould, B. Asia, vii. pi. 58 

 (1851) ; Naum. Vog. Deutschl. Auhang, p. 216 (1853) ; Schl. Vog. 

 Nederl. pi. 207 (1854) ; Dubois, J. f. O. 1856, t). 301, pi. iii.; Schl. 

 Bier. Nederl, Vogels, pi. 20. figs. 8, 8 a (1861) ; id. Mus. Pays- 

 Bas, Cursores, p. 3 (1865) ; Hume, Ibis, 1868, p. 241 (Punjab) ; 

 Hurting, Handb. Br. B. p. 131 (1872) ; Gould, B. Gt.Br., Introd. 

 p. ciii (1873) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 68 (1873 : breeding) ; 

 Fallon, Ois. Belg. p. 144 (1875) ; Dresser, B. Bur. vii. p. 395, 

 pi. 511 (1876); id. Ibis, 1876, p. 326; Bla?if. Bast. Persia, ii. 

 p. 287 (1876 : breeds) ; Finsch, Ibis, 1877, p. 53 (Tarik) ; Tacz. 

 Bull. Soc. Zool. France, ii. p. 154 (1877) ; Finsch, Verh. z.-b. Ges, 

 Wien, xxix, p. 241 (1879 : Steppes N. of Saissan) ; Loeivis, Zool. 

 Gart. 1881, p. 1-56 (Livonia) ; Sivinh. Ibis, 1882, p. 119 (Afghan- 

 istan, Feb.) ; Severtz. Ibis, 1883, p. 72 (Lake Kara-Kul) ; Saunders, 

 ed. Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 221 (1883) ; Seebohm, Hist. Brit. B. ii. 

 p. 591, pi. 21 (1884) ; Plcske, Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (7) xxxvi. 

 p. 50 (1888: Tschinas) ; Saunders, Mati. Brit. B. p. 153 (1889); 

 Reichen. Syst. Verz. Vog. Deutschl. p. 45 (1889) ; Floericke, J.f. O. 

 1891, pp. 169, 193 (Prussia). 



Houbara macqueenii. Gray, List Grallce Brit. Mus. p. 57 (1844) ; 

 Bp. C. R. xiiii. p. 416 (1856) ; Jerd. B. Ind. iii. p. 612 (1864) ; 

 Degl. S,- Gerbe, Orn. Eur. ii. p. 105 (1867) ; Blyth, Ibis, 1867, 

 p. 162; StoUczka, J. A. S. Beng. xli. p. 250 (1872: Cutch) ; 

 Hayes Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 415 (Kathiawar) ; Hume, Sir. F. i. 

 p. 227 (1873 : Siud) ; Adam, t. c. p. 393 (Sambhur) ; Lemess. 

 Sir. F. iii. p. 379 (1875 : Siud) ; Butler, Str. F. iv. p. 9 (1876 : 

 Ahuiedabad-Deesa) ; Hume, t. c. p. 9, note ( Jodhpur to Sambhur) ; 

 Butler, Str. F. v. p. 231 (1877: Karachi, Aug.-Feb., Persian 

 Gulf, April ; breeding) ; Hume ^ Marshall, Game B, Ind. i. p. 17, 

 pi. 4 (1878) ; Hume, Str. F. vii. p. 67 (1878 : Jodhpur), viii. p. Ill 

 (1879) ; Butler, Cat. B. Sind ^c. p. 56 (1879) ; Doig, Str. F. ix. 

 p. 281 (1880 : E. Narra ; breeding) ; Gigl. Ibis, 1881, p. 208 (Rome, 



