32 LAEID^. ■ 



4. HYDROPROGNE. ^ 



Type. 

 Thalasseus, pt., Bote, Isis, 18-22, p. 563. 



Hydroprogue, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 91 (1829) H. caspia *. 



Sylochelidon, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 770 (1831) H. caspia. 



Helopus, Wagl. Isis, 1832, p. 1224 H. caspia. 



Range. Almost cosmopolitan ; the exceptions being Tropical and 

 South America and the Islands of the Pacific. 



1. Hydroprogne caspia. 



The Caspian Tern. 



Sterna caspia, Pall. Nov. Co7nm. Petrop. xiv. i. p. 582, tab. xxii. 

 fig. 2 (1770) ; id. Zoogr. Rosso-As. p. 332 (1811) ; (?m. 8. N. i. 

 p. 603, and var. /3, p. 604 (1788) ; Lath. Ind. Orn. ii. p. 803, and 

 var. b, p. 804 (1790) ; Bechst. Naturg. Deutschl. ii. p. 825 (1791) ; 

 Retz. Faun. Suec. p. 164 (1800); Te^mn. Man. d'Orn. p. 476 

 (1815) ; Nilss. Orn. Suec. p. 155 (1817) ; Temm. Mati. d'Orn. 

 ed. 2, p. 733 (1820) ; Brehm, Beitr. Vogelk. iii. p. 630 (1822) ; 

 id. Lehrb. Eur. Vog. p. 680 (1824) ; Steph. in Shaw's Gen. 

 Zool. xiii. pt. 1, p. 146 (1825) ; T]'erner, Atlas, Palmipedes, pi. 2 

 (1828) ; Audouin, Hist. Nat. Egypte., pi. 9. fig. 1 ; id. in Evpl. 

 Sonnini, 2nd ed. p. 416 (1828) ; Lesson, Traite, p. 622 (1831) ; Savi, 

 Orn. Tosc. iii. p. 96 (1831) ; Menetr. Cat. Pais. Cauc. p. 55 (1832) ; 

 Selhy, Brit. B. ii. p. 463 (1833) ; Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vertehr. 

 p. 264 (1835) ; Eyt.on, Cat. Brit. B. p. 54 (1836) ; Gould, B. Eur. 

 V. pi. 414 (1837) ; Crespon, Orn. Gard, p. 471 (1840) ; Naum. 

 Vog. Deutschl. x. p. 18, pi. 248 (1840) ; Te7mn. Man. d'Orn. 4"= 

 pte. p. 454 (1840) ; Schinz, Eur. Faun. i. p. 370 (1840); Keys. ^ 

 Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. xcvii & 115 (1840) ; Nordm. in Demid. 

 Voy. Russ. Merid. iii. p. 277 (1840); Macgill. Man. Brit. 

 B. pt. ii. p. 2.30 (1842) ; Sebjs-Longch. Faun. Belg. p. 149 (1842) ; 

 Schl. Rev. Crit. p. exxviii (1844) ; Gray, List B. Brit. Mus. p. 175 

 (1844) ; Yarr. Brit. B. ed. 2, iii. p. 493 (1845) ; Gray, Gen. B. 

 iii. p. 658 (1846) ; Heivits. Egqs Brit. B. ii. p. 421, pi. 97 (1846) ; 

 Reichenb. Natat. tab. xviii. %s. 258-260 (1848); Degl. Orn. 

 Eur. ii. p. 337 (1849) ; Brandt in Lehtnann's Reise n. Buchara, 

 p. 330 (1852: Caspian); Kjcsrb. Danink. Fucjle, p. 326, tab. 40 a. 

 (1852), Su2}pl. tab. 20. figs. 1, 2 (1854) ; Schl. Voq. Nedei-l. p. 612, 

 pi. 360 (1854) ; Hetigl. Syst. Uebers. p. 70 (1856 : Egypt and 

 Nubia) ; Meyer, Brit. B. vii. p. 71, pi. 289 (1857) ; Hartl. Orn. 

 W.-Afr. p. 253 (1857 : Gambia) ; Baird, Cass. Sf Laivr. B. N. 

 Amer. p. 859 (1858) ; Baird, Cat. N. Amer. B. no. 682 (1858) ; 

 Erhard, Faun. Cykladen, p. 45 & p. 62 (1858) ; Heugl. Ibis, 1859, 

 p. 350 (Red Sea) ; Cass. Pr. Philad. Ac. 1859, p. 175 (Camma 

 Kiver, W. Africa) ; Linderm. Vog. Griechenl. p. 81 (1860) ; Heugl, 

 in Peterm. Mitth. 1861, p. 29 (Red Sea, resident) ; Sioinh. Ibis, 

 1861, p. 68 (Amoy), op. cit. 1861, p. 345 (Pekin), oj). cit. 1863, 

 p. 430 (Formosa) ; Sundev. Sv. Fogl. pi. 48, fig. 1 (1863 ?) ; 



* It is true that Kaup also included Stcriia aranca in this genus, being 

 probably unacquainted with the species to which that name aijphed ; but he 

 insisted upon the strong red bill as the main generic distinction. 



