44 



P. 

 P.- 



iSckl. 



Holdsiv. P. Z. S. 1872, p. 481 (not obtained in Cevlon) ; Blt/th i,- 

 Wald. B. Bunn. p. 163 (1875) : Smmders, P. Z. S. 1876, p. 645 

 (revision) ; Hartl. Vog. Madag. p. 387 (1877 : Eeunion) ; Hume 

 ^- Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 492 (1878: Teuasserim) ; Davidson ^ 

 Wenden, op. cit. rii. p. 93 (1878 : Deccan) ; V. Ball, torn. cit. p. 233 ; 

 J. R. Crij)ps, torn. cit. p. 314 (E. Bengal) ; Hume, Str. F. \m. 

 p. 116 (1879: List); Barnes, oj). cit. p. 460 (S. Afghanistan); 

 Legge, B. Cerjlon, p. 1006 (1880 : never obtained in Ceylon) ; 

 Saivin, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 623 (1882 ; Malacca) ; W. Davison, 

 Str. F. X. p. 419 (1883 : S.W. Mysore) ; Oates, B. Brit. Bunn. 

 ii. p. 424 (1883); Huine, Str. F. xi. p. 350 (1888: Manipur; 

 Cachar ; Brahmaputra) ; Tristram, Cat. Coll. B. p. 9 (1889) ; Oates, 

 2nd ed. Hume's Nests S,- Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 310 (1890). 



Sterna javanica, Horsf. Zool. Research. Java, Gen. Cat. p. 8 (1824: 

 not in Tr. Limu Soc. sWi. 1820, ■wbich = H}'d. hvbrida) ; Blyth, 

 Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 292 (1849) ; Layard, Ann. ^- Mag. N. 

 H.xiv. p. 271 (1854: Ceylon, not obtained); Irbi/, Ibis, 1861, 

 p. 247 (Oudh & Kumaon) ; Jerdon, B. India, iii. p. 840 (1864) ; 

 Bidqer, Ibis, 1869, p. 170 (Sikkini) ; Hume, Str. Feath. 1873, 

 p. 282; id. Nests !^- Eggs Ind. B. p. 652 (1875); W. Ramsay, 

 Ibis, 1877, p. 472 (Sittang Hiver) ; J. Anders. Exp. W. Yunnan, 

 p. 694 (1878). 



Sterna acuticauda, J. E. Gray, Hardti\ III. Ind. Zool. i. pi. 70. fig. 3 

 (1832 : Cawnpore) ; Sykes, P. Z. S. 1832, p. 171 ; Reichenh. 

 Natat., Novit. vii. tab. cclxx. fig. 2257 (1850). 



Sternula melanogaster, Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 183. 



Hydrocbelidon melanogastra, Gray, Gen. B. iii. p. 660 (1846) ; 

 Lickt. Nomencl. Av. p. 98 (1854) ; Bp. C. R. xlii. p. 773 (1856). 



Sternula melanogastra. Bias. J.f. O. 1866, p. 74. 



Sternula minuta, Beavan, Ibis, 1868, p. 403 (Moulmein ; immature). 



Sternula jerdoni, Beavan, Ibis, 1868, p. 403 (Moulmein). 



Hydrocbelidon iavanica (part.), Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 122, 

 no. 11073 (1871). 



Pelodes javanica, Adam, Str. F. ii. p. 440 (1874: Cbota Nagpur 

 rivers) ; Hume, op. cit. iii, p. 193 (1875 : Upper Pegu). 



Adult male in hreeding-plumage. Centre of the forehead, crown, 

 and nape black ; lores white ; neck grey ; mantle grey, with a 

 slight brownish tinge on the inner secondaries ; outer primaries 

 pale pearl-grey on the outer webs, with a slightlj' darker line 

 inside the white shafts, and nearly white margins to the inner 

 webs ; the succeeding primaries graduallj' darkening on their inner 

 margins ; tail pearl-grey, outer webs of the streamers white ; under 

 taU-coverts, vent, and abdomen black ; breast grey ; under wing 

 and throat white : " bill bright o-ange-yellow ; iris brown " {Cripps) ; 

 tarsi and toes dark orange-yellow. Total length 12-8 inches, 

 culmen 1-6, wing 8-75, tail 6-25, depth of fork 3-8, tarsus 0-5, 

 middle toe with claw 0'7. 



Female. Similar to the male. 



Adidt in tvinter. Forehead and crown grey, streaked with black, 

 which becomes confluent round the eye ; underparts greyish white ; 

 bUl horn-coloured at the tip. The eclipse lasts only a short time. 



