62 



8, Sterna macrura. 



The Arctic Tern. 



Sterna liirundo (part.), Bri'mn. Orn. Bor. p. 45, no. 151, juv. Q764) ; 

 Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 227 (1766) ; Retz. Faun. Suec. p. 162 (1800). 



Sterna paradissea, Briinn. Orn. Bor. p. 46 (1764: Bornholm), no. 

 152, adult; Schleg. Mus. P.-Bas, Sternse, p. 15 (1863); Bias. 

 J.f. O. 1866, p. 74 (revision Sterninas) ; Degl. et Gerhe, Orn. Eur. 

 ii. p. 458 (1867) ; Baird, Ereio. ^ Bidgw. Water-B. N. Amer. ii. 

 p. 299 (1884) ; Stejneg. Expl. Comondnder Is. Si'c. p. 85 (1885) ; 

 id. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mm. 1887, p. 124 ; A.O.U. Check-l. p. 94, no. 

 71 (1886); Mewes ^ Homeyer, Ornis, 1886, p. 272 ; Nelson, Pep. 

 Alaska, p. 58 (1887) ; Palmeii, Vega-E.iped. Vetensk. iatt. Bd. v. 

 p. 349 (1887) ; Ridgw. Man. N. Amer. B. p. 4:3 (1887) ; M. 

 Chamberlain in Hagerup's B. Greenl. p. 47 (1891) ; R. Macfarl. 

 Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. p. 419 (1891 : Ft. Anderson). 



Sterna hirundo, Milller, Zool. Danm. Prod. p. 170 (1774) ; Phipps, 

 Voy. toivards N. Pole, App. p. 188 C1774) ; O. Fahr. Faun. 

 Groenl. p. 105, no. 69 (1780) ; Mohr. Island Naturh. p. 43 (1786) ; 

 E. Sabine, Tr. Linn. Soc. xii. p. 542 (1819 : Greenland) ; Leach, in 

 J. Robs' Voy. Baffin Bay, App. ii. pi. viii. (1819) ; Scoresby, Arctic 

 Regions, i. p. 533 (1820: Spitsbersjen) ; Brehm, Voq. Deutschl. 

 p. 781 (1831) ; Gaimard, Voy. Islande, Zool. p. 163 (1851) ; Gray, 

 Hand-l. B. iii. p. 118, no. 11020 (1871) ; Salvad. Faun. Ital, Ucc. 

 p. 280 (1871) ; Sharpe 8f Dresser, B. Eur. (pt. xii.) viii. p. 255, 

 pi. 579 (1872) ; Hurting, Hnndhk. Brit. B. p. 76 (1872) ; Shelley, 

 B. Eqypt, p. 299 (1872) ; Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. Bd. ii. pt. 2, 

 p. 1421 (1873) ; Alston Sf H.-Brotcn, Ibis, 1873, p. 12 (Arcliangel) ; 

 Durnford, Ibis, 1874, p. 200 (North Frisian Is., breeds) ; Irby, 

 Orn. Strs. Gibr. p. 210 (1875) ; A. Newt. Arct. Man. p. 105 

 (1875) ; Seeb. Sr H.-Broivn, Ibis, 1876, p. 451 (Lower Petchora) ; 

 Collett, Nyt Mag. Naturv. 1877, p. 214 (Norway) ; Giglioli, Ibis, 

 1881, p. 217 (Genoa) ; W. H. Neale, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 654 (Franz- 

 Josef Ld.) ; Olphe-Gall. Contr. Faun. Orn. Eur. Occid. pt. x. 

 p. 21 (1886) ; Heine 8f Reichetmtc, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. p. 354 

 (1890) ; Hagerup, B. Greenl. p. 47 (1891). 



Sterna macrura, Naum. Isis, 1819, p. 1847 ; Naum. Vog. Deutschl. 

 X. p. 114, pi. 253 (1840) ; Keys. ^ Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. xcvii & 

 246 (1840) ; Gray, List B. Br. Mus., Anseres, p. 178, partim 

 (1844) ; Schl. Rev. Crit. p. exxix (1844) ; Degl. Orn. Eur. ii. 

 p. 344 (1849) ; Tho^nps. B. Irel. iii. p, 293 (1851) ; Middend. 

 Reis. Sibir., Zool. p. 245, Taf. 25. figs. 2 (pull.), 3 (e-pr) (1851) 

 Baird, Cass. iS" Lawr. B. N. Amei: p. 862 (1858) ; Jaub. et B.- 

 Lapomm. Rich. Orn. Fr. p. 404 (1859) ; Coues, Pr. Philad. Acad. 

 1862, p. 549 (revision) ; A. Newton, in Baring-Gould's Iceland, 

 p. 417 (1863) ; Radde, Reis. Sibir., Vog. p. 388 (1863: Angara); 

 A. Netvton, Ibis, 1865, p. 506 (Spitsbergen) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1868, 

 p. 262 (S. Africa) ; Borygr. Vogelf. NorddeutscM. p. 144 (1869); 

 Dall %• Bann. Tr. Chic. Acad. i. p. 306 (1869) ; Fritsch, Vog. 

 Eur. p. 459, taf. 54. fig. 1 (1870) ; Gillett, Ibis, 1870, p. 306 ; 

 Allen, Bull. Harv. Coll. ii. p. 368 (1871 : Florida) ; Heuglin, 

 Ibis, 1872, p. 64 (Novaya Zemlya) ; Finsch, Abh. Ver. Brem. 

 V. p. 366 (1873: Greenland); Goidd, B. Gt. Brit. v. pi. 72 

 (1873) ; Coues, B. N.-West, p. 658 (1874) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. 

 France, 1875, p. 261 (N.E. Siberia) ; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1876, 

 p. 650 (revision Sterninae) ; Feilden, Ibis, 1877, p. 403 (Smith's 

 Sound) ; Taczanotvski, P. Z. S. 1877, p. 749 (Tumbez, Peru) ; 

 Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, p. 161 (Yenesei) ; Kumlien, Bull. U.S. Nat. 



