G. STERNA. 109 



p. 678; Salvad. Ucc. Ital. p. 278 (1887); Ramsay, Tab. List 



Anstr. It. p. 23 (1888) ; Vurdenn. Nat. Tijdschr. Nedcrl. Ind. 



xlix. p. 420 (1M89: Sumatra): Etln-ridyp, Zi>ol. Ld. Hone's I. 



p. 17 (1889); Wifjlestc. Abh. zuul. Mus. Urcsd. 1^90-91, p. 75, 



no. 372 (1892). 

 Sterna gouldi, Meichenb. Natat. tab. xxii. fig. 829 (1848) ; id. op.cit. 



Novit. ix. t. cclxxii. figs. 2267-8 (18o0). 

 Sterna (Onychoprion) serrata, Grai/, Cat. B. Trop. I. Pacific, p. 59 



(1859). 

 Anous tuliginosus, Fnixch, Neii-G'iiuica,-p. 184 (1865). 

 Sterna luctuosa, Phil. ^- Landb. Wi('(jm. Arc/i. p. 126 (1866 : 



Valdivia, Chili). 

 " IIali])lana fuliginosa, var. crissalis, Baird," Lairr. Pr. Post. Soc. 



Nat. Hist. XIV. pp. 285, 301 (1871 : Tres Marias, SocoiTo, W. 



Mexico) ; Lawr. Mem. Bust. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 318 (1874). 

 Hydroclielidon somalensis, Heuql. Orn. K.O.-Afr. pp. 1512 & ccvii 



(1873) ; Jlde Finsch, in J. Mils. Godeffr. xii. (1876) p. 39. 

 Hydroclielidon infuscata, Hew/l. Orn. N.O.-Afr. p. 1457 (wee 



pp. 1512 & ccvi, whicli^S. anaestheta ; Jide Finsch ut supra). 

 Sterna (Ilaliplana) fuliginosa, CWes, /?. N.-West, p. 698 (1874); 



Streets, Bull. U.S. Xat. Mus. vii. p. 27 (1877 : Fanning 



Group) . 



Adult in hreedinfi-plunuKje. Similar to the preceding species ; 

 but larger, the white frontal band and the superciliary stripe 

 broader, the latter oblique and not reaching beyond the eye, from 

 which it is separated by a narrow continuation of the black loral 

 stripe; upper surface sooty black, the " wedges" on the inner webs 

 of the primaries a trifle paler than the rest; streamers dull white 

 on the outer webs and smoke-grey on the terminal half of the inner 

 webs, remaining tail-feathers sooty black ; under tail-coverts, 

 abdomen, and flanks greyish white ; breast and throat white : bill 

 and feet black with a slightly reddish tinge, the web between the 

 middle and the inner toe nearly full, aud iiv less excised than in 

 S. ancstheta and S. hniata. Total length about 17 inches, culmen 

 2-1, wing 11-75, tail about I'b, and depth of the fork 4, tarsus 0-9, 

 middle toe with the claw I'l. 



Adidt in ivinter. Like the above, with white flecks on the lores 

 and crown. 



Immature. Erowiiish black above, darker on the upper wing- 

 coverts ; outer tail-feathers nearly as sooty black as the rest of the 

 rectrices, except towards the tips : tarsi and toes reddish brown. 



JS'extring and Young. The chick when about three days old is 

 streaked with greyish brown and dull white on the upper surface — 

 darkest on the forehead — and chiefly stone-white below. When 

 half-fledged, the feathers of the mantle are blackish, with broad 

 white tips, which gradually wear down. "When the bird is fully 

 fledged these white tips are much narrower, the feathers of the 

 upper parts are sooty brown, and the imderparts are also of a 

 somewhat paler brown, becoming lighter towards the vent. (In 

 S. ancstheta and S. Junata the underparts arc whitish.) Bill and 

 feet rcddisli brown. 



Mall. Trojiical and juxta-tropical seas, wherever suitable islands 



