15. LARUS. 177 



(1811) ; Mei/PT, Ziislitze Taschenb. in. p. 194 (1822); Cretzsichin. 

 in Riipp. Jieise N. Afr., Atlas, p. 27, pi. 17 (1826; Red Sea) ; 

 Werner, Atlas, Palmipedes, pi. 20 (1828) ; Menetr. Cat. Rais. C'auc. 

 p. 5(5 (18;32) ; Kei/s. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. xcv & p. 241 (1840) ; 

 Sehinz, Europ. Faun. p. 378 (1840) ; Nordm. in Demid. Voy. 

 Russ. Merid. iii. p. 280 (1840) ; *Temm. Man. d'Orn. 2" ^d. 4«pte. 

 p. 472 (1840) ; *Muhle, Orn. Griechenl. p. 139(1844) ; *8chl. Rev. 

 Crit. p. cxxviii (1844); Gray, Gen. B. iii. p. 654 (1846) : Blyth, 

 Cat. B. Mas. As. Soc. 1849, p. 288 ; Beyl. Orn. Eur. ii. p. 320 

 (1849); Brandt, Leiimnnns Reis. n. Bachara, p. 331 (1852: 

 (^aspiau, breeding on Kamenoi Is.) ; Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 99 

 (1854) ; Heuyl. Syst. Uebers. p. 09 (1850: Red Sea and White 

 Nile) ; Ross, Ann. f May. N. H. (3) iv. p. 467 (1859 : Exmoutli) ; 

 *Linderm. Voq. Griechenl. p. 173 (1860) ; Heuyl. in Peterm. Mitth. 

 1861, p. 29 (Red Sea) ; Gray, Cat. Brit. B. p. 233 (1863) ; Schl. 

 Mm. P.-Bas, Lavi, p. 34 (1863) ; Bree, B. Eur. iv. p. 106 (1866) ; 

 De(il. if- Gerbe, Orn. Ear. ii. p. 433 (1866) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1868, 

 p. 330 (Palestine) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 114, no. 10980 (1871) ; 

 Shelley, B. Eqxjpt, p. 307, pi. xiii. (1872) ; Hartiny, Handb. Brit. 

 B. p. 175 (i872) ; Heuyl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. Bd. ii. pt. ii. p. 1401 

 (1873) ; Dresser, B. Eur. viii. p. 369, pi. 598 (1873) ; Hume, Str. 

 F. i. p. 276 (1873 : Sind, Oman &c.) ; Marchand, Rev. Zuol. (3) 

 ii. pi. xiii. pull. (1874) ; Gates, Str. F. iii. p. 375 (1875 : Ceylon) ; 

 Blyth ^- Wald. B. Burm. p. 162 (1875): Bree, B. Eur. 2nd ed. 

 V. p. 83 (1876) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 415 (Caspian to Tian- 

 Shan up to 1000 ft.) ; Blanf. East Pers. ii. p. 292 (1876) ; Prjev. 

 in Roivley's Orn. Misc. iii. p. i09 (1878 : only as far as E. Kokonor, 

 not in China proper nor in Amurland or E. Siberia) ; Taylor, Ibis, 

 1878, p. 373 (Port Said and Damietta) ; Fitisck, Verh. z.-b. Ges. 

 Wien,iS79,f.27-i: (West Siberia); V.Ball, Str. i-'. vii.p. 233(1879: 

 Singhbhum) ; Hume, op. cit. viii. p. 115 (1879 : List) ; Leqqe, B. 

 Ceylon, p. 1046 (1880) : Vidal, op. cit. ix. p. 94 (1880: Malabar) ; 

 Butler, t. c. p. 439 (Deccan); Seebohm [e.v Henke), Ibis, 1882, 

 p. 230 (Caspian, breeding); Biddulph, Ibis, 1882, p. 289 (Gilgit) ; 

 Gates, B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 414 (1883); Tristr. Faun. ^^ Flor. 

 Palest, p. 137 (1884) ; Saunders, 'it h ed. Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 609 

 (1884); Yerbury, Ibis, 1886, p. 23 (1886 : Aden); Bianchi, Mel. 

 Biol. Acad. St. Petersb. xii. livr. 5, p. 682 (1886 : Samarcand) ; 

 Vian, Bull. Soc. Zool. France, 1887, p. 389 (nestling) ; Pteske, 

 Mem. Acad. St. Petersb. (7) xxxvi. p. 57 (1888: Turkestan); 

 Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 348 (1888: Manipur) ; Saunders, Man. Brit. 

 B. p. 653 (1889) ; Tristram, Cat. Coll. B. p. 7 (1889 : Sea of 

 Galilee) ; Sclater, P. Z. S. 1891, p. 464 (alive, from Persian Gulf) ; 

 Sharpe, 2nd Yark. Miss. p. 134 (1891) ; Barnes, Ibis, 1893, p. 175 

 (Aden) ; Lilford, Col. Fiy. Brit. B. pt. xxiv. (1893). 



Great Gull, Lath. Gen. Syn. iii. pt. 2, p. 370 (1785). 



Larus iclityceus [sic], Brehm, Lehrb. p. 720 (1824). 



Ichtliyaetus, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. p. 102 & p. 196 (1829 : type of genus 

 Ichthy(U'tus). 



Larus leucomelas, Lesson (nee VieilL), Traite, p. 617 (1831 : Bengal) ; 

 cf. Piicheran, Reo. Zool. ii. 1850, p. 634. 



Xema ichthyaetum, Bp. Comp. List B. Eur. Sf N. Amcr. p. 02 

 (1838) ; id. Cat. Ucc. Eur. p. 78 (1842) ; Frit.sch, Voy. Eur. 

 p. 470, tab. 54. fig. 9 (1870). 



* It has not been considered advisiblo to pluoe L. ichfyaetus, L. i'^htyaitos, 

 and L. iclUhya'rlos under separate heads. 



VOL. XXV. N 



