186 



ChroicocepLalus bonapartii, Bruch, J.f. O. 1853, p. lOo ; id. op. cit. 

 I800, p. 292; Licht. Nomencl. Ai\ p. 98 (1854); Brehm, Xaum. 

 1855, p. 295. 



Chroicocephalus subulirostris, Bruch, J. f. 0. 1853, p. 105 *. 



Gavia subulirostris, Bp. Nawniannia, 1854, p. 213; id. C. R. xlii. 

 p. 771 (1856). 



Chroicoceplialus philadelpLia, Baird, Cnss., <§- Lawr. B. N. Amer. 

 p. 852 (1858); Cooper 4- Suckley, N. H. Wash. Terr. p. 276 

 (I860) ; Coues, Pr. Fhilad. Acad. 1861, p. 247 (Labrador) ; id. 

 op. cit. 1862, p. 310 (critical) ; Bhikiston, Ibis, 1862, p. 10 (Hudson 

 Bay Terr.) ; Ball 8r Bam). Tr. Chicago Ac. 1869, p. 305 (Alaska) ; 

 Newton, P. Z. S. 1871, p. 57, pi. iv. tig. 6, eg^ (Arctic America) ; 

 Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 115, no. 10999 (1871) ; Allen, Bull. Harv. 

 Coll. ii. p. 366 (1871 : Florida) ; id. op. cit. iii. p. 183 (1872 : Great 

 Salt Lulie) ; Gould, B. Gt. Brit. \. pi. 65 (1873) ; Later. Mem. Post. 

 Soc. N. H. ii. p. 317 (1874 : Mazatlan) ; id. Ann. Lye. N. Y. x. 

 p. 391 (1874 : Illinois) ; Renshau; Ann. Lye. N. Y. xi. p. 13 ( 1874 : 

 Utah) ; Ridyiu. Rep. Surv. -iOth Par. p. 639(1877) ; M. Chamberlain, 

 Bull. iV. M. Soc. Neio Brunsiv. p. 62 (1882) ; Coxies, Check-list N. 

 Amer. B. p. 122 (1882) ; id. Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 751 (1884). 



Larus Philadelphia, Gray, Cat. Brit. B. p. 235 (1863) ; Coues, Key N. 

 Amer. B. p. 316 (1872) ; Hartiny, Handb. Brit. B. p. 172 (18/"2) ; 

 Coties, Check-list, -DO. 556 (1874) ; Ridytv. Ann. Lye. N. Y.x. p. 381 

 (1874: Elinois): J?«2rf,Zoo/.1877,p.489 (Bennuda); Merriam,B. 

 Comiect. p. 132 (1877) ; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 206 (revision 

 Larinae) ; id. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiv. p. 399 (1878 : distribu- 

 tion) : Rodd, B. Cormvall, p. 168 (1880) ; Cory, B. Bahamas, p. 209 

 (1880) ; Ridgw. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 21, p. 52 (1881) ; Salvin, 

 Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 621 (1882) ; C. Smith, Zool. 1883, p. 120 

 (Sussex); Nelson, Cruise ' Coriuin,' p. 108(1883); Ridyw. Cat. 

 Fisheries Rvhib. p. 32 (1883); Stearns, Pr. U.S. Nat. 3Ius. vi. 

 p. 122 (1884 : Labrador on passage) ; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1884, 

 p. 150 (Loch Lomond, adult) : Baird, Breicer, 4" Ridgw. Water-B. 

 N. Amer. ii. p. 260 (1884); Sautidos, 4th ed. Yarr. Brit. B. iii. 

 p. 684 (1884) ; S. G. Reid, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 25, p. 267 

 (1884: Bermuda) ; Seebohm, Brit. B. iii. p. 307 (1885) ; Gvss, B. 

 Kansas, 2nd ed. p. 2 (1886) ; A. O. U. Check-list N. Amer. B. 

 p. 91 (1886); Turner, Contrib. N. H. Alaska, p. 126 (1886: 

 Kuskokvim Riv.) ; Seton, Auk, 1886, p. 147 (W. Manitoba, 

 breeds) ; Nelson, Rep. B. Alaska, p. 55 (1887) ; Ridgu: 3Ian. N. 

 Amer. B. p. 36 (1887) ; Cooke, Rep. B. Migr. Mississippi Vail. 

 p. 57 (1888) ; Saunders, Man. Brit. B. p. 645 (1889) ; Harting, 

 Pr. Linn. Soc. Dee. 1890, p. 3, and Zool. 1891, p. 35 (Cornwall) ; 

 Thomps. Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiii. p. 469 (1890: Manitoba, breeds) ; 

 Tristram, Cat. Coll. B. p. 8 (1891 : Vancouver I.); R. MacFarl. 

 Pr. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. p. 418 (1891 : Anderson Eiver, breeding) ; 

 Hartert, Katal. Vogelsamml. Senckeiib. p. 240 (1891); Shufehlt, 

 Auk, 1891, p. 366 (fossil, Oregon). 



Larus philadelphicus, Turnbull, B. Bast. Pa. p. 38 (1869). 



ClircEocephaliis pliiladelpbia, Coues, Pr. Philad. Acad. p. 41 (1871: 

 N. Carolina) ; Allen,_ Bull. Harv. Coll. iii. p. 183 (1872 : Gt. Salt 

 Lake) ; Heine ^- Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. p. 359 (1890). 



Larus (Chroecocephalus) Philadelphia, Coues, B. N.-West, p. 655 

 (^1874). 



Adult in hreeding-plumage. Head and upper neck dark plumbeous 



* Type in Mainz Museum examined. 



