]'). LARDS. 211 



Larus bruuneicephalus, Gray, Cat. Hodgson Coll. p. 148, nos. o6G & 



857 (1846 : Nepal) ; id. op. cit. ed. 2, p. 77 (18(j.3, partiui) * ; Cas- 



sin, U.S. E.ipl. E.vped. ii. p. 232 (1858 : Yedo, Japan) ; Severtz. 



Ibis, 188;i, p. 77 (Pamir Lakes, breeding ; teste IHeske, Mem. 



Acad. St. Peteisb. xxxvi. p. 57). 

 Gavia ridibundus, Bp. Naimi. 1854, p. 213. 

 Gavia capistratus, Bp. Namn. 1854, p. 213. 

 Cbriiicdctjilialus pileaius, Brekm, Naum. 1855, p. 294. 

 Cbroicoct'pbalus minor, Brehin, Naum. 1855, p. 294. 

 Cbloirocei)balu.i \sic\ pileatus, Brehm, Voyelf. p. 343 (1855). 

 Cboicocepbalus \_sic] minoi", Brehm, Voyelf. p. 1343 (1855). 

 Chroioocepbalus brunneicepbalus, Sioinh. {nee Jerdon) P. Z. S. 1863, 



p. 327 (Obina). 

 Gavia rudibunda [sic], Locke, Evpl. Sci. Alger., Ois. ii. p. 192 (1867). 

 Larus (Cbroicocephalus) ridibundus, Droste, Vogelw. Borkum, p. 338 



(1869). 

 Cbroocepbalus ridibundus, Salvad. Fmm. Ital, Ucc. p. 287 (1871) ; 



Martorelli, Ucc. Sard. p. 52 (1884). 

 Larus ridibundus, /3. capistratus, Severtz. J.f. O. 1875, p. 185. 

 " Larus cahiricus " and " Larus cahirinus,' Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, 



p. 201, e.v MS. Hempr. Sf Ehr., Berlin Mus. (Syria & Arabia) 

 Hvdrocolreus ridibundus, Salvad. Ucc. Ital. p. 283 (1887) ; Brusina, 



'Orti. Croatica, p. 92 (1889). 

 Cbroeocephalus ridibundus, Heine ^- Reichenow, Nomencl. Mus. 



Hein. p. 358 (1890). 

 Cbrceocepbalus capistratus, Heine Sf Reicheiiow, Nomencl. Mvs. 



Hein. p. 359 (1890: Hartz). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. Very similar, superficially, to the 

 preceding: species : hood coffee-brown — but shorter, grey mantle, 

 white tail, and white under surface tinged with (evanescent) roseate : 

 but the pattern of the outer primaries is very different, being 

 chiefly white, with black tips, and black margins to the inner webs. 

 Shafts of the three outer quills white ; the outermost quill white, 

 with a narrow black line along the greater part of the outer web 

 (touching the shaft in all except very old birds), a black tip, and a 

 blackish edge to the inner margin ; 2nd quill similar, but with 

 merely a short hair-line of black on the outer web ; 3rd quill with 

 a trifle more black running upwards from the black tip along the 

 outer web ; 4th quill similar, but with a grey centre to the inner 

 web ; 5th quill white on both webs, and with a minute white tip : 

 6th similar, but the tip grey and broader, so that the black becomes 

 a subterminal bar ; 7th similar, but with less and fainter black ; 

 upper primaries grey ; secondaries paler grey, without conspicuous 

 margins : bill, tarsi, and toes lake-red ; iris hazel. Total length 

 15'5 to IG inches, culmen 1*8, wing 11"75 to 12, tail 5, tarsus 1-7, 

 middle toe aud claw 1*55. 



The female is undoubtedly smaller as a rule, though there are 

 exceptions. 



Adult in winter. Similar, but without a hood ; merely a little 

 greyish on the occiput, aud blackish on the auriculars. In vigorous 



* The two spepiuieus above enumerated belong to this speeies, but au 

 example of true L. Lrunnciccphalus was subsequently received I'roiu Nepal. 



p2 



