216 LAEIDJE. 



iii. p. 114, no. 10983 (1871) ; Ada7n, Str. F. 1873, p. 402 (Sam- 

 bluir Lake) ; Gates, op. cit. 1875, p. 347; Butler, up. cit. 1876, 

 p. 31 (N. Guzerat) ; Armstrotig., t. c. p. 350 (Iirawaddy) ; Hwne 

 iSr Daviso?!, op. cit. 1878, pt. i. p. 491 (Tenasserim) ; Cripps, op. cit. 

 1878, pt. ii. p. 313 (E. Bengal) ; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 197 (revi- 

 sion) ; id. Journ. Linn. Soc, Zool. xiv. p. 399 (1878: distribution) ; 

 P7jev. in Howley's Orn. Misc. iii. p. 109 (1878: Dalai Nor; breeds 

 on lakes in Hoang-ho Valley, but not in China proper) ; Hume, 

 Str. F. viii. p. 115 (1879: List) ; Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 94 (1880: 

 Malabar coast) ; Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 1049 (1880) ; Butler, Str. F. 

 ix. p. 439 (1881 : Deccan) ; Sahin, Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 621 (1881); 

 Oafes, B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 417 (1883) ; Hume, Str. 1 . xi. p. 439 

 (1888 : Manipur) ; Sharpe, 2nd Turk. Miss., Birds, p. 134 (1891 : 

 15,000 ft. elevn.) ; Barnes, Ibis, 1893, p. 175 (Aden, in winter) ; 

 Onstal. N. Archiv. Mus. Paris, (3) vi. p. 94 (1894: Tibetan 

 plateau). 



Xema brunneicephala, Gray, List B. Brit. Mus., Anseres, p. 172 

 (1844); Je)-d B. Ind. iii. p. 832 (1864); Holdsioorth, P. Z. S. 

 1872, p. 480 (Ceylon); Lloyd, Ibis, 1873, p. 420 (Kattiawar, 

 winter) ; Hume 4" Henders. Lahore to Yark. p. 300, pi. xxxii. 

 (1873: Pangong Lake) ; Blyth ^ Wald. B. Burm. p. 162 (1875); 

 Scully, Str. F. iv. p. 203 (1876: Kashgar); W. Ramsay, Ibis, 

 1877, p. 472 (Sittang River up to Tonghoo). 



Chroicoce]>halus brunneicephalus, Bruch, J. f. O. 1853, p. 105; 

 Swinh. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 421 ; David et Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 521 

 (1877: Mongolia). 



Chroicocephalus brunniceps. Cab. J. f. O. 1853, p. 105 (note); Bruch, 

 /./. 0.1855, p. 291. 



Larus lacrymosus, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 99 (1854 : Bengal*). 



(laviiia lacrymosus {Licht.), Bp. Naum. 1854, p. 212. 



Gayia brunnicephala, Bp. Naum. 1854, p. 213 ; id. C. E. xlii. p. 771 

 (1856). 



Chroicocephalus tibetanus, Gould, P. Z. S. 1864, p. 54 (Tibet: Major 

 Hay). 



Larus tibetanus, Gray, Hund-l. B. iii. p. 114, no. 10984 (1871). 



Xema brunneicephalum, David, N. Archiv. Mus. Paris, Bull. vii. 

 no. 460 (1871). 



Larus (Chroicocephalus) brunicepbalus, Stoliczka, Journ. As. Soc. 

 Beng. xli. p. 256 (1872: Kutch, winter). 



Adult male in hreeding-plumaeje. Larger than the preceding 

 species, but very similar in general appearance ; the brown hood is, 

 however, paler on the forehead, and consequently throws into 

 stronger contrast the blackness at the junction with the white neck, 

 while the pattern of the primaries is quite different, black being the 

 prevailing colour ; the two outer quills black, with elongated white 

 subterminal mirrors and a small amount of white at the base {see cut, 

 p. -17); the 3rd quill with more white at the base, but otherwise 

 black, though occasionally — in very old birds — with a smaU white 

 subterminal spot ; 4th and 5th quills with the basal white increasing 

 and extending to both webs ; 6th quill white on the outer and grey 

 on the inner webs, subterminaUy banded with black, and ti^jped 

 with white ; 7th quill with a whitish tip, grey webs, a black spot 

 or incomplete subterminal bar, and a black inner margin ; Sth quiU 

 grey, with narrow dark inner margin ; 9th and 10th quills grey : 



* Type in Berlin Museum cxauiincd. 



