15. LAET7H. 225 



18. Larus heermanni. 



Larus heermanni, Cass. Pr. Fhilad. Acad. vi. p. 187 (1852) ; id. B. 

 Calif, p. 28, pi. V. (1850) ; Salvin, Ibis, 18G5, p. 100 ; id. op. cit. 

 1866, p. 198 (Chiapam); Gray, Uand-l. B. iii. p. 116, no. 11012 

 (1871 : as regards California); Scl. ^'- Salv. P. Z. S. 1871, p. 574; 

 iid. Nomencl. Av. Neotr. p. 148 (1873) ; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, 

 p. 182 (revision Larinae) ; id. Jonrn. Linn. Soc, Zovl. xiv. p. 396 

 (1878 : distribution) ; Dcane, Bull. NzM. Orn. Club, iv. p. 30 

 (1879 : albinistic var.) ; liidt/w. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 21, p. 52 

 (1881) ; Coties, Check-list N. Amer. B. p. 121 (1882) ; id. Key N. 

 Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 747 (1884; ; Baird, Brewer, ^ Ridyw. Water- 

 B. N. Amer. ii. p. 252 (1884) ; A. O. V. Check-l. N. Amer. B. 

 p. 90 (1886) ; Eoermann, Auk, 1886, p. 88 (Ventura Co., Cala.) ; 

 Ridyw. Manual N. Amer. B. p. 34 (1887) ; Blake, Auk, 1887, 

 p. 329 (Sta. Cruz I., Cala.). 



Adelarus heermanni, Bruch, J. f. O. 1853, p. 107 ; id. op. cit. 1855, 

 p. 279 ; Bp. C. R. xxxviii. p. 662 (1854 : California). 



Leucophseus heermanni, Bp. Naum. 1854, p. 211; id. Rev. et May. 

 Zool. 1855, p. 21. 



Blasipus heermanni, Bp. C. R. xlii. p. 770 (1856) ; id. Consp. Av. ii. 

 p. 211 (1857) ; Baird, Cass., Sr Lawr. B. N. Amer. p. 848 (1858) ; 

 Baird, Cat. N. A7ner. B. no. 666 (1859) ; Coues, Ibis, 1864, p. 388 

 (Chiapam) ; Lawr. Mem. Bost. Soc. N. H. ii. p. 317 (1874 : Maz- 

 atlan) ; Ridyiv. Rep. Survey 40tk Par. p. 636 (1877). 



Larus belcheri (ncc Viyors), Sclater, P. Z. S. 1859, p. 237 (Van- 

 couver 1.) ; Schl. Mus. P.-Bas, Lari, p. 9 (1863) ; Coues, Key 

 N. Amer. B. p. 314 (1872: California). 



Blasipus belcheri (part.), Blasius {nee Viyors), J. f. 0. 1865, p. 378. 



Larus (Blasipus) heermanni, Coues, B. N.- West, p. 641 (1874) ; 

 Streets, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. vii. p. 26 (1877 : California). 



Epitelolarus heermanni, Heine Sf Reiche?ioio, Nomencl. Mus. Hein, 

 p. 359 (1890). 



Adult in hreeding -plumage. Stouter, with a stronger bill, but 

 superficially not unlike the preceding species. Head and upper 

 part of the neck white ; lower neck grey, passing into a slate-colour 

 which deepens on the mantle and still more on the wings ; the long 

 inner secondaries edged with Avhite or pale grey, the principal 

 secondaries with blackish centres and greyish-white edges (less pure 

 than in L. modestus); the primaries nearly black, the five inner 

 ones tipped with greyish white ; tail-coverts grey ; rectriccs black 

 with broad white tips ; under surface viuaceous grey, darkening on 

 the upper breast; under wing lead-colour: bill bright red, often 

 tipped with black ; tarsi and toes black, much coarser than in 

 L. viodeshis. Total length about 17 inches, culmeu 2, wing 13-75, 

 tail 5-25, tarsus 2, middle toe with claw 2. 



The female appears to be a trifle smaller, with a weaker bill than 

 the male. 



Adult in winter. Similar, but the head and upper neck streaked 

 with greyish brown, giving the appearance of an incomplete hood, 

 the chin alone being pure white ; bill paler red, with more black 

 terminally. 



Immature (about 16 months old). Darker, and the wing.'^ browner, 

 the secondaries with very liltle i)ale colour at the tips and the tail- 



VOL. XXV. a 



