228 LARIDiE. 



id. op. cit. 1875, p. 138 (Chefoo) ; David Sc Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 519 



(1877) ; Sa70)ders, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 183 (revision Lariuffi) ; id. Journ. 



Linn. Soc, Zool. xiv. p. 396 (1878: distribution); Tacz. Bull. 



Soc. Zool. Fr. 1885, p. 477 (Vladivostok) : Gigl. Sf Salvad. P. Z. S. 



1887, p. 693 (Corea) ; Salvad. &,• Gigl. Mem. Accad. Tor. xxxix. 



pp. 120, 133, 141 (1889) ; Nikolski, Osfrov. Sakhalin i Fauna, 



p. 271 (1889 : Saghalien I.) ; Seebohm, B. Japan. Emp. p. 293 



(1890) ; id. Ibis, 1892, p. 96 (Tsu-sima Is., Japan) ; Campbell, t. c. 



p. 246 (Corea) ; De la Touche, t. c. p. 501 (Foochow, &e.) ; Taczan. 



Mem. Acad. St. Pefei:<ib. (7) xxxix. p. 1037 (1893 : E. Siberia). 

 Larus raelanurus, Tcnun. PI. Col. livr. 77, pi. 459 (1828) ; Temni. Si 



Schleg. Faun. Japon., Av. p. 132, pi. 88 (1850) ; Cass. Perry s U.S. 



Expl. F.iped. p. 232 (1858 : Hakodadi) ; Swinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 133 



(Arnov) ; id. op. cit. 1861, pp. 261, 345 (N. China) ; Blakist. op. 



cit. 1862, pp. 311, 332 (Hakodadi); Badde, i&is. Sibir., Vog. 



p. 386 (1863); Whitelet/, Ibis, 1867, p. 210 (N. Japan) ; Sivitih. 



P. Z. S. 1870, p. 603 (descr. soft parts) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. 



France, 1876, -p. 26i{\hTek Bay); Bolati, J.f.O. 1882, p. 343 



(Askold); Styan, Ibis, 1891, j). 508 (Lower Yan<rtse). 

 Adelarus melanurus, Bruch, J.f. O. 1853, p. 107 ; id. op. cit. ]855, 



p. 279. 

 Blasipus crassirostris, Bp. Naum. 1854, p. 2] 1 ; id. C. R. xlii. p. 770 



(1856) ; id. Omsp. Av. ii. p. 212 (1857) ; Blasius, J. f. O. 1865, 



p. 378 (revision). 

 Larus fuscua (nee Linn.), Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1873, p. ICO 



(Japan). 

 Larus belclieri, Pelz. Verh. z.-b. Ges. Wien, 1873, p. 160 (Japan). 

 Blacipus crassirostris, Heine i§- Reichencw, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. 



p. 358 (1890: Japan). 



Adult male in breeding-plumar/e. Head, neck, tail-coverts, and 

 entire under surface white ; mantle and wings slate-grey, scapulars 

 edged with white ; secondaries very broadly edged with white ; 

 the five outer primaries blackish, with white tips which increase 

 in size ascendingly, edges of inner webs rather paler, inclining 

 to grey ; upper primaries chiefly slate-grey, with broad white tips 

 and white margins to the inner webs: reetrices white, tinged with 

 pale grey on the basal half, followed by a black band about 

 2 inches wide, extending more or less over all except the outer 

 pair, which are white, as are the tips of all ; under wing-coverts 

 white : bill greenish yellow to the angle, which is red like the tip, 

 with a black zone intervening : " iris pale straw-yellow ; eye-rim 

 vermilion " (SwinJioe) ; tarsi and toes yellow, with a greenish tinge. 

 Total length 19 inches, culmen 2-4, wing 15, tail 6, tarsus 2, middle 

 toe with claw 1"9, 



The female is a trifle smaller or less robust. 



In some adults, possibly less mature than the above, onlj- the 

 outer web of the outermost tail-feather is white, the inner web 

 having a black subterminal band ; but the excess of white in the 

 bird called " mature " may very well be owing to the disappearance 

 of black consequent upon the age of the feather. 



Nearly adult in winter jjlumar/e. Similar, but with a little greyish 

 brown on the head and nape ; the basal portion of the bill greener. 

 I do not think that the fully adult undergoes any seasonal alteration. 



