230 



21. Larus gelastes. 



Larua cinerarius (nee Linn.) (partim), Pallas, Zoogr. Bosso-Asiat. 



p. 326 (1811 : as regards Black and AzoiF Seas only). 

 Larus gelastes, Thienem. Furtpflanz. Yog. Eur. pt. v. p. 22 (1838 : 



ex Licht., type in Berlin Mus.) ; Keys. 8f Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. xcv 



& p. 242 (1840) ; ScUeq. Rev. Crit. p. cxxvii (1844) ; Gray, Gen. 



B. iii. p. 6.54 (1846) ; Degl. Orn. Eur. ii. p. 318 (1849) ; Heugl. 



Syst. Uebers. p. 69 (1866 : Lower Egypt) ; Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. 



p. 252 (1857 : Senegal) ; Linderm. Viig. Griechenl. p. 178 (1860) ; 



Heugl. in Peterm. Mitth. 1861, p. 29 (Gulf of Suez) ; Tristram, 



Ibis, 1862, p. 279 (Jaffa); Wright, Ibis, 1864, p. 151 (Malta); 



Salvad. Ucc. Sard. p. 126 (1864) ; Legl. ^ Gerbe, Orn. Eur. ii. 



p. 337 (Turkey) 



Shelley, B. Egypt, p. 306 (1872); Hevgl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. pt. z, 

 p. 1412 (1873) ; Brooke, Ibis, 1873, p. 347 (Sardinia) ; Irby, Orn. 

 Sirs. Gibr. p. 212 (1876) ; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 291 (1876 : 

 Mekran coast) ; Bree, B. Eur. 2nd ed. v. p. 72 (1876) ; Saunders, 

 Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 1877, p. 204 (S.W. Spain, breeding) ; Taylor, 

 Ibis, 1878, p. 373 (Port Said) ; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 191 

 (revision Larinse) ; Dresser, B. Eur. viii. p. 389, pi. 601. fig. 2 

 (1878) ; Irby, Ibis, 1879, p. 346 (Guadalquivir, breeding) ; Hume, 

 Str. F. viii. p. 115 (1879: List); Chapman, Ibis, 1884, p. 86 

 (S.W. Spain, breeding) ; Bochebr. Faun. Seneg., Ois. p. 335 (1884: 

 Cape Verde) ; Tristram, Faun. ^ Flor. Palest, p. 137 (1884) ; 

 Lilford, Ibis, 1889, p. 349 (Mnkri, Asia Minor) ; Sharpe,Ibis, 1891, 

 p. "115 (Fao, breeding) ; Chapman, Wild Spain, p.. 90 (1893: 

 breeding) ; Irby, Om. Strs. Gibr. 2nd ed. p. 299 (1895), 



f.arus genei, Brhne, Rev. Zool. 1839, p. 321 (Sardinia). 



Larus leucocephalus, Boissonncau in Natterer's Miindl. Mittheil., fide 

 Keys, u Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. xcv (1840). 



Larus tenuirostri?, Temm. Man. d'Orn. ed. 2, pt. iv. p. 478 (1840) ; 

 id. Werne)-\i Atlas, Palmipedes, pi. 26; Crespon, Orn. Gard, p. 489 

 (1840) ; Schi7iz, Eur. Faun. p. 381 (1840) ; Crespon, Faune Merid. 

 ii. p. 126 Q844 : Camargue, breeding) ; Bree, B. Eur. iv. p. 98, 

 cum fig. (1866) ; Seebohn, Ibis, 1882, p. 230 (Caspian, breeding) ; 

 Alleon, Ornis, 1886, p. 423 (Dobrudscha, breeding). 



Xema lambruscbinii, Bj). Icon. Faun. Ital, Ucc. p. 135 & p. 136*, 

 pi. 45 (1840: cf. Salvad. /6«s, 1888, p. 323); id. Cat. Ucc. Eur. 

 p. 78 (1842) ; Jaub. S) B.-Lajjomm. Rich. Orn. Midi Fr. p. 394 

 (1859) ; Fritsch, Vbg. Eur. p. 408 (1870). 



Xema gelastes, Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 192; Riipp. Syst. Uebers. p. 139 

 (1846: Cairo). 



Xema genei, Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 192. 



Ga^ ia gelastes, Bruch, J. f. 0. 1853, p. 102 ; id. op. cit. 18.55, p. 286 ; 

 Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 294; id. Voyelf. p. 340 (1855); A. E. 

 Brehm, Reis. Habesch, p. 228 (1863). 



Chroicoceplialus gelastes, Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 98 (1854) ; Radde, 

 Orn. Cauc. p. 483 (1884) ; Radde ^ Walter, Ornis, 1889, p. 126 

 (Transcaspia). 



Larus columbinus, Golowafschow, Bull. Soc. Moscon, 1854, i. p. 435. 



Gelastes rubriventris, Bp. Aaum. 1854, p. 216. 



Gelastes lambruscbini, JBp. Cat. Parzudaki, p. 11 (1855) ; id. C. R. 

 xlii. p. 771 (1856) ; id. Consp. Av. ii. p. 227 (1857) ; Loche, E.ipl. 



