252 LARID-I. 



S" Resoc. p. 513 (1891) ; Keller, Orn. Carinthue, p. 301 (1890) ; 



Borrcr, B. Sussex, p. 268 (1891) ; Biickl. ^ H-Br. Fcmn. Orkney 



Is. p. 232 (1891); Taylor, Ibis, 1891, p. 473 (coast of Egypt); 



Gdtke, Vogelw. Helgol. p. 568 (1891) ; Jiickel ^ Bias. Vog. Bay ems, 



p. 361 (1891) ; Macphers. Faun. Lakeland, p. 429 (1892) ; R-Br. 



(§■ Buckl. Faun. Argyll S^'c. p. 191 (1892) ; Hartert, Ibis, 1892, 



p. 521 (E. Prussia, winter) ; Fatio Sf Stiider, Cat. Ois. Suisse, 



p. 60 (1892); D' Urban ^ Mathew, B. Devon, p. 378 (1892) ; 



Meade- Waldo, Ibis, 1893, p. 206 (Canaries, winter) ; Lilford, Col. 



Fiys. Brit. B. pt. xxiii. (1893) ; A. Dubois, Vertebr. Belg., Ois. 



p. 587, pi. 292 (1894); Mathew, B. Pembroke, p. 104 (1894); 



Collett, Nyt May. Naturv. Bd. xxxv. p. 308 (1894: Norway); 



Beichenoiv, Vby. Deutsch-O.-Afr. p. 19(1894: Victoria Nvanza, 



winter) ; Uss/ier, Pr. R. Irish Acad. (3) iii. p. 410 (1894) ;" Irby, 



Orn. Strs. Gibr. 2nd ed. p. 301 (1895). 

 Silveiy Gull, Lath. Gen. Syn. iii. pt. 2, p. 375 (1785). 

 Larus iiavipes, IVolf ^- Meyer, Nafurr/. Vog. Deutschl. ii. p. 32, cum 



tab. (1805) ; Meyer, Taschenb. Vog. Deutschl. ii. p. 469, pi. front. 



(1810) ; Meisn. '^ Schinz, Voq. Schioeiz, p. 276 (1815) ; Meyer, 



Vog. Liv- u. Esthl. p. 231 a815) ; Vieill. Enc. Meth. i. p. 346 



(1823) ; id. Faune Frang., Ois. p. 394 (1828 ?) ; Lesson, Traite, 



p. 617 (1831) ; Temm. Man. d'Orn. 2' ed. 4= pte. p. 471 (1840); 



Macgill. Man. Brit. Orn. ii. p. 245 (1842) ; Bouteille, Orn. 



Dauphine, ii. p. 243 (1843) ; Bailly, Orn. Savoie, iv. p. 310 



(1854). 

 Larus cinereus (partim), Leach, Syst. Cat. Mamm. 8fc. Brit. Mus. 



p. 40 (1816). 

 Larus argentatus, Bewick, Brit. B., Suppl. p. 39 (1821). 

 Leucus fuscus, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. pp. 86, 196 (1829). 

 Laroides melanotus, Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 993 ; id. Vog. Deutschl. 



p. 747 (1831) ; id. Naum. 1855, p. 294. 

 Laroides harengorum, Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 993 ; id. Vog. Deidschl. 



p. 748 (1831). 

 Laroides fuscus, Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 993 ; id. Vog. Deutschl. p. 749 



(1831) ; id. Naum. 1855, p. 294. 

 Lesser Black-backed Gull, Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 463 (1843). 

 Dominicanus fuscesceiis (partim), Bruch, J.f. 0. 1853, p. 100*. 

 Dominican us fuscus, Bruch, J.f. O. 1853, p. 100 ; id. op. cit. 1855, 



p. 281 (including his L. fiiscescens of J.f. 0. 1853, p. 100). 

 Laroides harengorium [sic], Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 294. 

 Laroides fuscescens, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 294. 

 Laroides a. nigrodorsalis, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 294. 

 Laroides /3. assimilis, Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 294. 

 Clupeilarus fuscus, Bj). C. R. xlii. p. 770 (1856) ; id. Consp. Av. ii. 



p. 220 (1857); Loche, Expl. Sci. Alger., Ois. ii. p. 181 (1867); 



Olphe-Gall. Orn. Eur. Occid. fasc. x. p. 69 (1886). 

 Larus graellsii, A. Brehm, Allg. Deutsch. Naturh. p. 483 (1857 : 



Malaga). 

 " Larus medius," Eempr. ^ Ehr. {nee Brehm) 1824, MS. Jide 



Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 173 (Gumfudde : type in Berlin Mus.). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. Head, neck, tail, and under 

 surface white ; mantle and wing-surface varying from dark lead- 

 colour to black, the scapulars and secondaries broadly tipped with 



Specimens in Mainz Museum examined. 



