272 LAEIDJi. 



Eur. ^ N. Amer. p. 63 (1838) ; Schinz, Eur. Faun. p. 380 (1840) ; 



Km/s. S,- Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. xcvi & p. 243 (1840) ; Temm. Man. 



d'drn.2'" ed. 4°"' pte. p. 475 (1849) ; Schl. Rev. Crit. p. cxxv 



(1844) ; Gray, List B. Brit. Mus., Anseres, p. 170 (1844 : Strs. 



Bonifacio); Id. Gen. B. iii. p. 654 (1846); Degl. Om. Eur. ii. 



p. 311 (1849) ; Levaill. Expl. Sc. Alger, pi. 13 (1850) ; Brehm, 



Naum. 185-5, p. 294 ; Jaub. et B.-Lapomm. Rich. Orn. Fr. p. 392 



(1859) ; Powys, Ibis, 1860, p. 356 (Corfu) ; Linderm. Voy. 



Griechenl. p. 177 (1860) ; Schl. Mus. P.-Bas, Lari, p. 22 (1863) ; 



Salvad. Ucc. Sard. p. 129 (1864) ; Bree, B. Eur. iv. p. 92, cum 



tab. (1866); Degl. $ Gerbe, Orn. Eur. ii. p. 420 (1867); E. C. 



Taylor, Ibis, 1867, p. 72 (Nile : [seen only]) ; Doderl. Avif. 



Sicil. p. 235 (1869); Gray, Rand-l. B. iii. p. 113, no. 10967 



(1871) ; Salvad. Faun. Ital, Ucc. p. 293 (1871) ; Saunders, 



Ibis, 1871, p. 400 (S. Spain); Heugl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. Bd. ii. 



pt. 2, p. 1387 (1873: Nile, fide E. C. Taylor [?]) ; Lilford, Ibis, 



1875, p. 31 (I. of Toro) ; Irby, Orn. Strs. Gibr. p. 214 (1875) ; 



Bree, B. Eur. 2nd ed. v. p. 62 (1876) ; Dresser, B. Eur. viii. 



p. 395, pi. 601. fig. 1 (1878) ; Lilford, Ibis, 1880, p. 480 (Arbolau ; 



W. Mediterranean) ; Giglioli, Ibis, 1881, p. 219 (Sardinia and 



Elba) ; Whitehead, Ibis, 1885, p. 47 (Coi'.sica) ; Gigl. Avif. Ital. 



p. 429 (1886); Salmd. Ucc. Ital. p. 285 (1887); Lilford, Ibis, 



1887, pp. 274-5, 279-281 (Strs. Bonifacio) ; Gigl. 1° Resoc. Av. 



Ital. p. 645 (1889) ; id. 2° Resoc. Av. Ital. p. 654 (1890) ; Irby, 



Orn. Strs. Gibr. 2nd ed. p. 299 (1895). 

 Larus payraudei, Vieill. Faun. Fran<^., Ois. p. 396, pi. 172. fig. 1 



(1828). 

 Gavia audouinii, Boie, Isis, 1844, p. 191. 

 Glaucus audouini, i?n<c/j, J.f. O. 1853, p. 102. 

 Gavina audouini, Bp. Naii,m. 1854, p. 212 ; id. C. R. xlii. p. 770 



(1856) ; id. Consp. Av. ii. p. 222 (1857) ; Loche, E.vpl. Sc. Alger., 



Ois. pt. ii. p. 182 (1867). 

 Laroides audouini, Bruch, J.f. 0. 1855, p. 282; Brehm, Naum. 



1855, p. 294. 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. Head, tail, and under surface 

 white ; lower neck pale pearl-grey ; mantle and rump somewhat 

 darker pearl-grey ; secondaries tipped with white, but not very 

 broadly so ; primaries with white tips, which increase in size 

 inwards ; the outermost quill chiefly black, with a small white 

 subapical spot on the inner web ; 2nd quiU blackish ; 3rd quill 

 black, with a grey wedge on the inner web ; 4th and 5th with grey 

 basally on both webs and the black reduced to a bar; 6th with a 

 narrow bar, incomplete in mature birds ; upper quiUs grey, with 

 broad white edges ; under wing-coverts and sides of breast pearl- 

 grey : bill coral-red, banded with black in front of the angle, tip 

 yellow ; tarsi and toes olive-green (drying lead-colour). Total 

 length about 20 inches, culmen 2-4, wing 16, tail 6, tarsus 2-3, 

 middle toe with claw 1'9. 



There appears to be no noticeable difference in the size of the 

 female. 



Immature in February. Similar, but the head and neck streaked 

 with greyish brown ; the secondaries with dark centres to the 

 outer webs ; no white spot on the outermost primary, and the grey 

 of the 4th and 5th quills dull and mottled ; a black spot remaining 



