290 



Pallas, Zoogr. Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 320 (1811: Sea of Okhotsk); 

 Meijer, Ann. Wetterau Ges. iii. pp. 162-168 (1812) ; E. Sabine, 

 Tr. Linn. Sue. xii. p. 543 (1819 : Greenland) ; Leach, in Russs 

 Vol/. Baffin B. 4to ed. p. liv (1819) ; id. op. cit. 8vo ed. ii. p. 161 

 (1819); Scoreshy,Ai-ct. To^. i. p. 535 (1820) ; Temtn. Man. d'Orn. 

 2™« ^d. p. 757 (1820) ; -B. Sabine, Siqjp. Parry's l-vi Voy. p. cciii 

 (1821 : Barrow Str. and Polar Sea generally) ; Mei/er, Zusdtze 

 Taschenh. iii. p. 191 (1822) ; Boie, Lsis, 1822, p. 562 ; Brehm, 

 Beitr. Vuyelk. iii. p. 800 (1822); Manby, Voy. Greenl. p. 48 

 (1822) ; Licht. Verz. Doubl. p. 82 (1823) ; Brehm, Lehrb. p. 729 

 (1824) ; Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xiii. pt. 1, p. 189 (1826) ; J. 

 Richardson, App. Parry's 2nd Voy. p. 358 (1825 : Lyon Inlet, S. of 

 Melville Peninsula) ; J. C. Ross, App. Parry's 3rd Voy. p. 103 

 (1820: Pt. Bowen and N. Somerset Ld. on opp. side of Pr. Pie- 

 o-ent's Inlet) ; id. A2}p. Parry's it h Voy. p. 194 (1828: Low I., 

 Spitsbergen, but not N. of 81°) ; Brehm, Ornis, Heft ii. p. 136 

 (1826) ; Bp. Ann. Lye. N. Y. ii. p. 361 (1828) ; Werner, Atlas, 

 Palmipedes, p. 15 (1828 ) ; Vieill. Faun. Fran<^., Ois. p. 395 (1828) ; 

 Fleming, Brit. Anim. p. 139 (1828) ; Brehm, lsis, 1830, p. 993 ; id. 

 Viig. Ueutschl. p. 733 (1831): Stv. Sf Rick. Faun. Bor.-Amer., 

 Birds, p. 416 (1831) ; Selby, Brit. B. ii. p. 498, pi. xcix. (1838) ; 

 Nuttall, Man. Orn. ii. p. 306 (1834) ; Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vertebr. 

 p. 279 (1835) ; Fyton, Cat. Brit. B. p. 53 (1836) ; Gould, B. Eur. 

 V. pi. 432 (1837) ; Bp. Comp. List B. Em: <^- N. Amer. p. 63 

 (1838) ; Audub. Orn. Biogr. v. p. 59, pi. 396 (1839) ; id. Synop. 

 p. 329 (1839) ; Namn. Viig. Deutschl. x. p. 350, pi. 264 (1840) ; 

 Schinz, Europ. Faun. p. 378 (1840) ; Temm. Man. d'Orn. 2me ed. 

 4me pte. p. 467 (1840) ; Keys. ^ Bias. IVirb. Eur. p. xcvi & p. 243 

 (1840) ; Gray, List Gen. B. p. 78 (1840) ; id. op. cit. ed. 1841, p. 99 ; 

 Selys-Longch. Faun. Belg. p. 153 (1842) ; Macgill. Man. Brit. 

 Orn. ii. p. 247 (1842) ; Giraud, B. Long Isl. p. 363 (1844) ; Schl. 

 Rev. Crit. p. cxxv (1844) ; Audub. B. N. Atner. 8vo ed. vii. 

 p. 170, pi. 449 (1844) ; Gray, List B. Brit. Mus., Anseres, p. 168 

 (1844) ; Yarr. Brit. B. 2nd ed. iii. p. 595 (1845) ; Mewitson, Eggs 

 Brit. B. ii. p. 450, pi. cxxviii. fig. 2 (1846) ; Gray, Gen. B. iii. 

 p. 654 (1846) ; Degl. Orn. Eur. ii. p. 309 (1849) ; Thoinps. B. 

 Irel. iii. p. 388 (1851) ; Braivlt, Lehmann's R. n. Buchara, p. 331 

 (1852 : mouth of Ural river) ; Macgill. Br. B. v. p. 557 (1852) ; 



Dublin Soc. i. p. 57 (Prince Patrick Isl., M'Clintock) ; Meyer, Brit. 

 B. vii. p. 147, pi. 307 (1857); A. Armstrom/, N.W. Pass. '■ In- 

 vestiq.' p. 347 (1857 : Pr. Albert Land) ; Baird, Cass., ^- Laicr. 

 B. N. Amer. p. 842 (1858) ; Evans Sf Sturge, Ibis, 1859, p. 167 

 (W. Spitsbergen): Schl. Dier. Nederl. Vogels, p. 234 (1861); 

 Reinhardt, Ibis, 1861, p. 16 (Greenland) ; A. Newton, in Baring 

 Gould's Iceland, p. 418 (1863) ; Gray, Cat. Brit. B. p. 230 (1863)"; 

 Radde,Reise Sibir., Voy. ii.p.382 (1863) ; Schl. Mus. P.-^.,Lari, 

 p. 4 (1863) ; Malmgr. 'CEfv. Ak. Fbrh. 1863, p. 105 ; id. op. cit. 

 1864, p. 389 (Spitsbergen); A. Newt. Ibis, 1865, p. 509 (Spits- 

 ber"-en); Degl. ^- Gerbe, Orn. Eur. ii. p. 409 (1867); Borygr. 



Vogelf. Norddeutschl. p. 142 (1869) ; Dall ^ Bann. Tr. Chic. 

 Acad. i. p. 304, no. 177 (1809: St. Michael's, Ala.ska) ; Fritsch, 



Viig. Eur. p. 473, tab. 56. fig. 8 (1870) ; Gillett, Ibis, 1870, p. 306 



(Novaya Zemlya) ; R. Gray, B. West Scotl. p. 4i::0 (1871) ; G. R. 



Gray, Sand-l. B. iii. p. 112, no. 10960 (1871) ; Harting, P. Z. S. 



