15. L.VKUS. . 20.') 



44. Larus leucopterus. 



Larus argentatus, E. Sabine (7iec Gm.), Tr. Linn. Soc. xii. p. o4(J 



(1819). 

 Larus leucopterus, Faber, Prodr. Isl. Om. p. 91 (1822) ; Brehm, 



Beitr. Vo,jdh. iii. p. 817 (1822); id. Lehrb. p. 715 (1824); id. 



Oniis, Heft ii. p. 1-37 (lf<26: Elbe); Bj). Ann. Lye. K Y. ii. 



p. 3(51 (1828) ; Kaup, Natiirl. Si/st. p. 28 (1829) ; ,S«'. ^- Richards. 



Faun. Bor.-Amer. ii. p. 418 (1831) ; Lesson, TraiU, p. 617 (1831) ; 



Nutt. Man. Orn. ii. p. 30o (1834); Audub. Om. Bioyr. iii. p. 553, 



pi. 282 (1835) ; Eytun, Cat. Brit. B. p. 53 (18.36) ; Bp. Comp. 



Lkt B. Eur. ^ N. Amer. p. 63 (1838) ; Audub. Synop. p. 327 



(1839) ; Schniz, Europ. Faun. p. 378 (1840) ; Temm. Man. dIOrn. 



4"^ pte. p. 467 (1840) ; Werner, Atlas, Palmiphde.^, pi. 19 (1840) ; 



Keys. u. Bias. Wirb. Eur. p. xcvi & p. 243 (1840) ; Kaum. Vog. 



Deutschl. X. p. 367, tab. 265 (1840) ; Mocyill. Man. Brit. Om. 



pt. ii. p. 247 (1842); Selys-Lotigch. Faun. Bely. p. 154 (1842); 



Schl. Rev. Crit. p. cxxv (1844) ; Audub. B. N. Amer. 8vo ed. vii. 



p. 159, pi. 447 (1844) ; Gray, Gen. B. iii. p. 654 (1846) ; Deyl. Orn. 



Eta: ii. p. 310 (1849) ; Macyill. Brit. B. v. p. 560 (1852) ; Kjcerb. 



Damn. Fui/le, p. 340, tab. xli. (1852) ; id. op. cit. Suppl. tab. xxii. 



figs. 1,2 (1854); Licht. Nomencl. Av. p. 99 (1854); Schl. Vog. 



Nederl. p. 595, pi. 342 (1854^); Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 294; 



Heioits. Eggs Brit. B. ii. p. 498, pi. cxxxix. figs. 1-2 (1850) ; 



Baird, Cass., ^- Lnior. B. N. Amer. p. 843 (1858) : Schl. Bier. 



Nederl. Voyels, p. 234 (1801); Reinhardt, Lbis, 1861, p. 17 (Green- 

 land) ; Gray, Cat. Brit. B. p. 230 (1803) ; A. Neivton, in Barini/- 



GuukTs Iceland, p. 418 (1863) ; Degl. et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. ii. p. 4il 

 (1837) ; Fritsch, Vog. Eur. p. 473, tab. 56. tig. 6 (1870) ; Gray, 

 Hand-l. B. iii. p. 112, no. 10902 (1871) ; Hnrting, Handb. Brit. B. 

 p. 77 (1872); Coues, Key N. Amer. B. p. 311 (1872); Palm^n, 

 F'inlands Fogl. p. 589 (1873 : Finland ?) ; Finsch, Abh. Ver. Bremen, 

 V. p. 364 (1873 : S. Greenland) ; Collett, Fork. Selsk. Christ. 1873, 

 p. 293 (X. Norway) ; H-Brown, Pr. N. H. Soc. Glasq. 1873, p. 210 

 (Forth); Coues, B. N.-West, p. 622 (1874); A. Newton, Arct. 

 Man. p. 106 (1875 : Greenland) ; Dresser, B. Eur. viii. p. 4-39, 

 pi. 606 (1876) ; Kuml. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 15, p. 97 (1877 : 

 Cumberland Sd. & Greenland) ; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 166 

 (revision Larinos) ; Ridgw. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 21, p. 51 

 (1881); Mayfiard, B. East. N. Amer. p. 483 (1881 : Boston, very 

 rare) ; Coue^, Check-list N'. Amer. B. p. 120 (1882) ; Brewster, 

 Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, viii. p. 125 (1883: Maine); Saunders, 

 4th ed. Tan: Brit. B. iii. p. 642 (1884) ; Coues, Key N. Amer. B. 

 2ud ed. p. 741 (1884) ; Baird, Brewer, ^- Ridgiv. Water-B. N. 

 Amer. ii. p. 210 (l.->84); Fischer S; Peh. MT. orn. Ver. Wien, 

 1880, p. 210 (Jan Mayen I., breeds) ; Seebohm, BrU. B. iii. p. 333 

 (1885) ; Ilomeyer, Ornis, p. 80 (1885) ; Liitken, t. c. p. 145 (Den- 

 mark) ; Grondal, op. cit. 1886, p. 370 (Iceland) ; A. 0. U. Check- 

 list N. Amer. B. p. 87 (1886): Ridgw. Man. N. Amer. B. p. 26 

 (1887); Palmcii, Vega-Exptd.' Vete'nsk. p. 369 note (1887: not 

 in Siberia or Bering S.); Fcilden, Tr. Norw. Soc. iv. p. 351 (1887 : 

 Digges I., breediui,"-) ; H-Brvwn ^- Buckl. Faun. Sutherl. p. 2-34 

 (1887) ; lid. F. Outer Hebrid. p. 149 (1888) ; Greelg, Rep. Erped. 

 Lady Franklin Bay, ii. p. 22 C 1888 : Smith Sd.) ; Saunders, Man. 

 Brit. B. p. 06.5 ( 1889) ; Chamberl. Auk, 1889, p. 215 (S. Greenland) ; 

 Stevenson S,- Southw. B. Norfolk, iii. p. 3.36 (18'.)0) : Jr. E. Clarke, 

 Zool. 1890, p. 50 (Jau Mayen I., breeds) ; Buckl. ^'- H-Brown, 

 Faun. Orkney Is. p. 234 (1891); Giitke, Vogelw. Helgol. p. 567 



