296 LAfilDiE. 



(1891) ; Hagerup, B. Greenl. p. 46 (1891) ; R. MacFarl. Pr. U.S. 



Nat. 3Ius. xiv. p. 418 (1891 : not in Arctic Amer.) ; M. Ogilvie, 



Zool. 1892, p. 114 (Aldeburg-h) ; Rartert, Ibis, 1892, p. 521 (E. 



Prussia, one juv.) ; Lilford, Col. Firjs. Brit. B. pt. xxvi. (1893) ; 



Gurnei/, Zool. 1894, p.' 85 (Norfolk); Collett, Nyt Mag. Naiurv. 



Bd. XXXV. p. 311 (1894) ; Dubois, Verteb. Behj., Ois. ii. p. 580, pi. 290 



(1894). 

 Lavus glaucoides, Meyer, Zusntze Taschenb. iii. p. 197 (1822) ; Boie, 



Isis, 1822, p. 5G2 ; Tcmm. PI. Col. livr. 77, introd. Larus (1828). 

 Larus moltke, Teihnain/, Dan. og Tsl. Fugl. p. 159 (1823). 

 Larus arcticus, Macgill. Mem. Wern. Soc. v. pt. i. p. 268 (1824 : 



Greenland; a large specimen). 

 Larus islandicus, Ddmonst. Mem. Wern. Soc. iv. p. 506 (1823 : nee 



Edmonst. op. cit. p. 185) ; Fleming, Brit. An. p. 139 (1828) ; Selby, 



Brit. B. ii. p. 501, pi. xcviii. (1833) ; Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vertebr. 



p. 279 (1835) ; Gould, B. Eur. v. pi. 433 (1837) ; Meyer, Brit. B. 



vii. p. 150, pi. 308 (1857) ; Feilden, Zool. s.s. p. 3289 (1872 : 



Faroes) ; Gould, B. Gt. Brit. v. pi. 58 (1873). 

 Larus minor, Brehm, Isis, IS-iO, p. 993 ; id. Vog. Deutschl. p. 736 



(1831) ; id. Naum. 1855, p. 294; id. Vogelf. p. 338 (1855). 

 Laroides glaucoides, Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 993 ; id. Vog. Deutschl. 



p. 744 (1831) ; id. Naum. 1855, p. 294. 

 Laroides leucopterus, Brehm, Isis, 18-30, p. 993 ; id. Vog. Deutschl. 



p. 745 (1831); Bp. Naum. 1854, p. 211; Brehm, op. cit. 1855, 



p. 294; Bruch, J. f. O. 1855, p. 281. 

 Laroides subleucopterus, Brehm, Isis, 1830, p. 993 ; id. Vog. Deutschl. 



p. 746 (1831) ; id. Naum. 1855, p. 294. 

 Iceland Gull, Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 456 (1843). 

 Larus icelandicus, Ynrr. Brit. B. 2nd ed. iii. p. 575 (1845) ; ITiomps. 



B. Irel. iii. p. 385 (1851) ; R. Gray, B. West Scotl. p. 484 (1871). 

 Glaucus leucopterus, Bruch, J. f. O. 1853, p. 101. 

 Glaiicus glacialis, Bruch, J.f. O. 1853, p. 101. 



Larus chalcopterus, Licht. Nomencl.Av. p. 99 (1854 : descr. nulla *). 

 Laroides glacialis, Bruch, J.f. O. 1855, p. 282. 

 Leucus minor, Bj). C. Ii. xlii. p. 770 (1856). 

 Leucus leucopterus, Bjj. G. R. xlii. p. 770 (1850) ; id. Consp. Av. ii. 



p. 217 (1857) ; Olphe-Gall. Orn. Eur. Occid. fasc. x. p. 47 (1886) ; 



Heine ^ Reichenoic, Nomencl. Mus. Hein. p. 358 (1890). 

 Leucus leucopterus, a. minor, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 217 (1857). 

 Leucus arcticus, Bp. Consp. Av. ii. p. 216 (1857). 

 Larus (Leucos) leucopterus, Droste, Vogelw. Borkum, p. 357 (1869). 



Adult male in hreedinci-plimiage. Like the preceding species, but 

 smaller, with proportionately longer wings. Total length 22 inches, 

 culmen 2*4, wing 16 to 16-5 (extreme), tail 7, tarsus 2-35, middle 

 toe with the claw 2-3. The female is smaller. 



Adult in winter. Immature, and Young. As in the preceding 

 species, except as regards the white phase, of which I have no 

 certain knowledge, though it probablj' exists. Mr. Kumlien says 

 that the young are darker tha n those of L. glaucus, but, so far as 

 our limited series goes, this does not seem to be the case, and I am 

 inclined to suspect a confusion with the young of L. Ixanlieni. 



* The type in the Berlin Museum was examined in 1877 and then identified 

 as L. leucopterus ; but see my reniai-ks under L. nchoni (p. 287). 



