18. PAGornir.A. 303 



(1831) ; 2?p. C'mnp. List B. Eur. ^ N. Amer. p. 62 (1838) ; Gray, 

 Lid Gen. B. p. 79 (1841) ; lip. Cat. Ucc. Eur. p. 77 (1842). 

 Pagopliila eburnea, Kaup, Natiirl. Syst. pp. 68, 69, & p. 196 (1829 : 

 type of peniis) ; Gray, Lid Gen. B. ed. 1841, p. 99 & App. p. 15 

 (1842) ; id. Lid B. Brit. J/ms., Anseves, p. 174 (1844) ; id. Gen. B. 

 iii. p. 6;"i4, pi. 180. lip. 1 (184t;) ; lieichenb. Syst. Nat. tab. v. 

 (1850) ; id. Av. Syst. Nat., Jjom/ip. p. v (1852) ; Liclit. Nomencl. 

 An. p. 99 (1854); Bruch, J. f. 0. 1853, p. 106; Bp. Namn. 

 1854, p. 212 ; Brehm, Naum. 1855, p. 295; Bp. C. R. xlii. p. 771 

 (1856) ; id. Consp. Av. ii. ]>. 230 (1857) ; CaHe, Jr. R. Dull. Soc. 

 i. p. 57, pis. 1 & 2 (1856 : Prince Patrick I., egg) ; Baird, Cass., Sf 

 Lawr. B. N. Amer. p. 856 (1858) ; Evans ^- Sturge, This, 1859, 

 p. 171 (West. Spitsbergeu) ; Reinhardt, op. cif. 1801, p. 18 

 (Greenland) ; A. Newtmi, Ibis, 1865, p. 507 (Spitsbergen) ; Gray, 

 Cat. Brit. B. p. 237 (1863) ; E. P. Wright, Ibis, 1866, p. 216 

 (Prince Patrick I.) ; Deyl. <^- Gerbe, Orn. Eur. ii. p. 405 (1807) ; 

 Locke, Eivpl. So. A/r/er.,Ois. ii. p. 188 (1867 : Algeria [?]) ; Fritsch, 

 Vog. Eur. p. 464, tab. 55. fig.'*. 3 & 5 (1870) ; Gillef.t, Bns, 1870, 

 p. 306 (Novaya Zemlya) ; Gray, Iland-l. B. iii. p. 117, no. 11015 

 (1871); CoUett, Fork. Selsk. Christ. 1873, p. 297 (N. Nor%vay) ; 

 Pelz. Ibis, 1873, p. 62 (e.r Leverian Mus.) ; Gould, B. Gt. B. x. 

 pi. 62 (1873) ; A. Nezvton, Arctic Man. p. 105 (1875) ; Dresser, 

 B. Eur. viii. p. 349, pi. 595 (1877); Collett, N. Mar/. Naturv. 

 1877, p. 210 (N. Norway) ; Feilden, Ibis, 1877, p. 409 (Smith 

 Sound) ; id. Zool. 1878, p." 417; id. op. cit. 1879, p. 8 (Pr. Albert 

 Land) ; Saunders, P. Z. S. 1878, p. 162 (revision Larinae) ; Kum- 

 lien, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 15, p. 99 (1879: Cumberland 

 Sound) ; Breicster, Bull. Nutt. Orn. C. p. 187 (1881 : New Bruns- 

 wick) ; Ridg?v. Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 21, p. 51 (1881) ; Feildeti 

 in Markham^s Polar Reconn. p 334 (1881 : Novaya Zemlya) ; 

 id. Tr. Norm. Soc. iii. pp. 209-211 (1881 : Franz-Josef Ld.) ; 

 M. Chamberlain, Bull. N. H. Soc. N. Brunsio. 1882, p. 61 ; W. H. 

 Neale, P. Z. S. 1882, p. 653 (Franz-Josef Land) ; Coues, Check-l. 

 N. Amer. B. p. 122 (1882) ; B. O. U. Lid Brit. B. p. 186 (188:!) ; 

 Nelson, Cruise ' Corwin,'' p. 104 (1883) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr. 

 1883, p. 341 (ad., Kamtschatka) ; Ridgiv. Cat. Fish. Exhib. 1883, 

 p. 20 (Cumberland Sd.) ; Saunders, -ith ed. Yarr. Brit. B. iii. p. 056 

 (1884) ; Baird, Brewer, iy Ridgw. Water-B. N. Amer. ii. p. 198 

 (1884) ; Coues, Key N. Amer. B. 2nd ed. p. 749 (1884) ; A. Chap- 

 man, Tr. N. H. Soc. Northiimb. viii. pt. 1, p. 155 (1884: Spits- 

 bergen, breeding) ; Cocks, Zool. 1884, p. 13 (Spitsbergen) ; 

 Ilomei/er, Ornis, 1885, p. 80 (Germany) ; Murdoch, Rep. Pt. 

 Barrotv, p. 122 (1885: rare); Grondal,' Ornis, 1886, p. 37 (Ice- 

 land, once) ; Feilden, Tr. Nortv. Soc. iv. p. 351 (1887 : Digges I., 

 Hudson Bay) ; Palmen, I'ega-Exped. Vetensk. Bd. v. p. 356 

 (1887 : all along Siberian Coast); Saunders, Man. Brit. B. p. 669 

 (1889); Riesenth. Wasservog. Mitteleurop. p. 137 (1889) ; Buckley 

 S^■ II-Br. Faun. Orknei/ Is', p. 229 (1891); iid. Faun. Argyll S,- 

 Lin. Ilebr. p. 189 (li;^92) ; Fatio S,- Studer, Cat. Ois. Suisse, p. 62 

 (1892 : Lake L6inan) ; Lilford, Col. Figs. Brit. B. pt. xxvi. (1893). 



Gavia nivea, Brehm, Vog. Deutschl. p. 766 (1831). 



Cetosparactes eburneus, Macqill. Man. Br. Orn. pt. ii.p. 252(1842) ; 

 id. Brit. B. y. p. 508 (1852). 



Larus brachy tarsus, Ilolb. Fn. Griinl. p. 52 (1846). 



Pagophila brachytarsa, Bruch, J.f. O. 1853, p. 100; Bp. Naum. 

 1.^54, p. 212; Lata: B. N. Amer. p. 856 (1858: cf. Reinht. IbL^, 

 lS()l,p. 18). 



