2. STERCORAKITJS. 337 



Stercorarius longicaudatus, Selys-Longch. Faun. Beige, p. lo6 (1842) ; 



Beyl. Ovn. Eur. ii. p. 298 (1849) ; I>!ewton, Arctic Manual, p. 107 



(1875) ; Ffilden, Ibis, 1877, p. 409 (Smith Sound) ; Bessels, Amerik. 



AordjMl-Krjjed. p. 312 (1879, ' Polaris ') ; Olphe-Gull. Orn. Eur. 



Occid. lasc. X. p. 20 (1880) ; Greely, Rep. Exped. Lady Frankl. 



Bay, ii. p. 21 (1888). 

 Lestris tracliyrlivuchoa, Brehm, Naum, 1855, p. 294 ; id. Vogelf. 



p. 337 (1855). " 

 Stercorarius liardyi, Coues, Pr. PJiilad. Acad. 18G3, p. 13G (critical). 

 Lestris longicauda, Droste, Vogelw. Burkum, p. 3G2 (1869) ; Hurting, 



Handb. Brit. B. p. 78 (1872) ; C. Babbinqton, Cat. B. Suffolk, 



p. 224 (1880) ; Falmcn, Yega-Exped. Vetensk. Bd. v. p. 382 (1887). 

 Lestris parasita, Borggr. Vogelf. Norddeutschl. p. 141 (1869). 



Adult male hi hreeding-plumage. Forehead, lores, crown, and 

 nape brownish black ; lower cheeks and neck bnffish yellow, deeper 

 than in the last species ; mantle ash-brown, with a greyish tinge ; 

 primaries darker and blackish towards the extremities ; shafts of 

 the two outer pairs of quills white, but those of all the rest dis- 

 tinctly brown ; upper tail-coverts and upper portion of the central 

 rectrices like the mantle, but the terminal portions of these, and all 

 the other rectrices, nearly black ; abdomen, flanks, and under wing 

 ash-brown ; breast white, passing into yellowish at the neck : bill 

 horn-colour ; tarsi bluish in life, drying olivaceous ; toes black. 

 Total length 23 inches ; culmen 1*2.5 ; wing 11"9 ; tail-feathers 5"5, 

 and the central pair sometimes S'O more, giving a maximum length 

 of 14 ; tarsus 1"6 ; middle toe with claw 1'45, the claws shorter and 

 less hooked than in the preceding species. 



The female appears to have shorter central rectrices, but is 

 otherwise similar externally. 



Adidt in xvinter. See remarks on p. 326. 



Immature. Underparts and upper tail-coverts barred with varying 

 degrees of ash-brown ; very little yellow on the sides of the neck ; 

 otherwise similar to adults. 



Young. Ash-brown above, the head darkest ; the feathers of the 

 mantle and tail-coverts merely tipped with buff, but without any 

 rufous tint ; underparts dull greyish white, barred with ash-brown. 



Nestling. Greyish brown above and below, much paler and greyer 

 than in !S. crejndatus. 



The distinctly grey tint is very characteristic of this species in all 

 stages. 



Ilab. High circumpolar regions, seldom breeding south of the 

 Arctic Circle, unless on lofty fells ; in autumn and winter migrating 

 southwards as far as the Straits of Gibraltar, as well as to about 

 40° N. on the Atlantic side of America, and a little further on the 

 Pacific side; once "between the Sandwich and Philippine Islands" 

 {fide Bonaparte). 



a. Imm. sk. Mevagissey, Cornwall {F. IT. Saunders CoU. 



b. c? ad. sk. Bfracombe, Devon, Oct. 29. W. B. Tesretmeier, Esq. [P.]. 



VOL. XXV. Z 



