1. CEDIC.NEMUS. 7 



broad white band along the upper row, the feathers having blackish 

 tips witb a broad subterminal bar of white ; greater coverts for the 

 most part white, with ashy bases and a broad subterminal band of 

 black; bastard-wing blackish, with a narrow white fringe ; primary- 

 coverts and quills blackish, the outer primary white along the 

 middle of the outer web and across the inner web, the second 

 primary with a white spot on the outer web and a certain amount 

 of white on the inner web, which becomes less on the inner 

 primaries, the latter tipped with white and with a white bar across 

 the base of the feathers, the inner secondaries elongated and tinged 

 with tawny ; central tail-feathers ashy brown, barred with black 

 at the end and across the feather before the white subterminal bar, 

 the outer feathers more broadly barred with black and white, the 

 two terminal bars becoming gradually broader towards the outer- 

 most feather, which is almost entirely white with a black tip; 

 crown of head like the back, but with narrower stripes ; lores, 

 eyebrow, and a band below the eye white, extending across the 

 ear-coverts, the upper margin of which is blackish brown continued 

 into a black line underneath the eye and ending in front of the 

 latter ; cheeks and throat white, with some black-streaked feathers 

 along the upper margin of the former; lower throat and fore neck 

 tawny buff streaked with black, these streaks becoming narrower 

 on the breast and sides of body, which are paler tawny buff; breast, 

 abdomen, and thighs white ; under tail-coverts tawny ; under wing- 

 coverts and axillaries white, with the small coverts round the edge 

 of the wing ashy brown, tinged with tawny ; primary-coverts 

 blackish, with white bases forming a speculum ; quill-lining for 

 the most part black, with the white markings like those of the 

 upper surface of the wing : " bill black at the point, greenish yellow 

 at the base ; feet yellow ; iris very large and golden yellow " 

 (i/. Saunders). Total length 16 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 9 - 35, 

 tail 4 - 7, tarsus 3 - l. 



Adult female. Does not differ from the male in colour or markings. 

 Total length 16 inches, culmen 1-65, wing 9-5, tail 4*9, tarsus 2-75. 



Nestling. Clothed with sandy-coloured down, paler on the throat 

 and abdomen, and streaked with the following bands and lines of 

 black : — a narrow line from eye to eye across the forehead ; over 

 the eye a small line, and another in the middle of the crown, these 

 markings being indistinct ; another small spot on the lores, and a 

 distinct line along the upper margin of the cheeks ; from behind 

 the eye a narrow line of black, continued down the side of the hind 

 neck, and extending in a broader line down each side of the spine ; 

 another broad band of black extending from the middle of the 

 flanks and uniting at the base of the tail ; on the carpal bend of the 

 wing a faintly indicated line of black. 



The characters of the Indian bird, which ITr. Seebohm has 

 kept distinct under the name of (Edienemus crepitans iadicus, are 

 supposed to consist of the shorter wing, and the continuance of 

 the white patch on to the third quill. In European specimens of 

 (Edienemus cedicnemus tho length of wing ranges from 9 to 10 

 inches, while in the Indian specimens it varies from 8 to 9 inches, 



