20 CEDICNEMID^!. 



3. ESACUS. Type 



Esacus, Lesson, Traite. p. 547 (1821) E. recurvirostris. 



Carvanaca, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. v. p. 775 (1836) . E. recurvirostris. 

 Pseudops, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. x. pt. 1, p. 27 



(1841) E. recurvirostris. 



Range. The same as that of the single species of the genus. 



1. Esacus recurvirostris. 



(Edicnemus recurvirostris, Cuvier, Regne Anim. i. p. 500 (1829); 

 Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cursores, p. 25 (1865: Bengal; Cambodia). 



Esacus recurvirostris, Lesson, Traite, p. 547 (1831) ; Gray, List 

 Grallce Brit. Mus. p. 60 (1844: Nepal; Bootan) ; id. Gen. B. iii. 

 p. 535 (1844) ; id. Cat. Manxm. etc. Nepal jjres. Hodgs. p. 131 

 (1846) ; Blyth, Cat. B. Mus. As. Soc. p. 2C0 (1849 : Calcutta) ; 

 Irby, Ibis, 1861, p. 237 (Oudk) ; Jerd. B. 2nd. iii. p. 652 (1864) ; 

 Beavan, Ms, 1868, p. 391 (Sewalik Hills) ; Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. 

 p. 10, no. 9949 (1871); Hume, Str. F. i. pp. 102, 232 (1873: 

 Sindb.) ; id. Str. F. ii. p. 482 (1874 : Attaran River) ; id. Str. F. 

 iii. p. 182 (1875 : Tbavetmyo) ; id. Nests § Eggs Ltd. B. iii. p. 576 

 (1875) ; Blyth fy Wold. B. Burin, p. 152 (1875 : Kyasoo Creek) ; 

 Butler, Str. F. iv. p. 14 (1876: Mount A boo); Ball, t. c. p. 234 

 (Sumbalpur); Butler, Str. F. v. p. 232 (1877: Guzerat) ; Hume 

 $■ Davison, Str. F. vi. p. 458 (1878 : Houngthraw and Attaran 

 Rivers) ; Davidson Sf Wenden, Str. F. vii. p. 88 (1878 : Deccan) ; 

 Butler, t. c. p. 186 (Karacbi, breeding) : Ball, t. c. p. 227 (Ganges 

 to Godavery) ; Cripps, t. c. p. 301 (Faridpur) ; Butler, Cat. B. 

 Sind etc. p. 59 (1879) ; Hume, Str. F. viii. p 112 (1879); Doig, 

 t. c. p. 371 (E. Narra, breeding) ; Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 976 

 (1880); C. Swinh. Str. F. ix. p. 237(1880: R. Hub, breeding); 

 Butler, Str. F. ix. p. 427 (Bbima R., Deccan) ; Reid, Str. F. x. 

 p. 67 (1881 : Lucknow) ; Barnes, t. c. p. 166 (Indus, near Kotri, 

 breeding) ; Davidson, t. c. p. 319 (W. Kbaudeisb, resident) ; Oates, 

 Handb. B. Brit. Burm. ii. p. 357 (1883) ; Simnhoe fy Barnes, Ibis, 

 1885, p. 133 (Mbow district) ; Parker, Ibis, 1886, p. 188 (Ceylon) ; 

 Salvad. Ann. Mus. Genoa. (2) iv. p. 613 (1887: Bhamo): Hume, 

 Str. F. xi. p. 316 (1888 : Manipur) ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests §■ Eggs 

 Lid. B. iii. p. 335 (1890). 



Carvanaca grisea, Hodgs. J. A. S. Beng. v. p. 776 (1836 : Nepal) ; id. 

 Icon. ined. in Brit. Mus., Grallce, pi. 45, no. 118. 



Pseudops griseus, Hodgs. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 85 (1844). 



Carvanaca recurvirostris, Reichenb. Av. Si/st. Nat. p. xviii, Taf. 185. 

 tig. 1071 (1852) ; Bp. C. R. xliii. p. 416 (1856). 



Pseudops recurvirostris, Heine §• Reichen. Nomencl. Mus. Hein. Orn. 

 p. 333 (1890: Madras). 



Adult male. General colour above ashy brown, with slightly 

 indicated sandy-buff or whitish margins to the feathers ; wing- 

 coverts lighter and more pearly grey than the back, with narrow 

 white ends to the outer median and the greater series ; the lesser 

 wing-coverts blackish, followed by a narrow white line ; bastard- 

 wing, primary-coverts, and quills blackish, the outer primaries 

 crossed by a white band, the inner primaries white on the inner 

 web, the innermost white at base and tip and crossed with a sub- 

 terminal blackish band ; the secondaries blackish brown, white for 



