70 PARR] ll -E. 



t. c. p. 304 (Faridpur) ; Legge, B. Ceylon, p. 914 (1879) ; Hume, 

 Str. F. viii. p. 113 (1879) ; Doiy, t. c. p. 371 (E. Narra) ; Tiraut, 

 Bull. Comm. Agric. Cochin Chine, (3) i. p. 159 (1879 : Cochin 

 China); Butler, Cat. B. Sind etc. p. 6H (1879); id. Cat. B. S. 

 Bomb. Pre*, p. 79 (1880) ; Vidal, Str. F. ix. p. 86 (1880 : S. Kon- 

 kan); Forbes, P. Z. S. 1881, pp. 640, 642; Butler, Str. F. ix. 

 p. 431 (1881) ; Beid, Str. F. x. p. 72 (1881 : Luc-know) : Scully, 

 Ibis, 1881, p. 590 (Gilgit River) ; Davidson, Str. F. x. p. 321 

 (1882: Khandeish) ; Oates, Handb. B. Brit. Burnt, ii. p. 360 

 (1883); Blasius, J. f. O. 1884, p. 216 (Bangkan Lake) ; Murray, 

 Vertebr. Faun. Sind, p. 259 (1884); Vorderm. Nat, Tijdschr. 

 Nederl.Ind.xMy. Ail. 3, p. 204 (1884) ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1884,' p. 268 

 (KiuMang); C. H. T. Marshall, t. c. p. 424 (Chamba) ; Sicinh. fy 

 Barnes, Ibis, 1885, p. 134 (Depalpur) ; Parker, Ibis, 1886, p. 188 

 (Ceylon: breeding): Cordeaux, Ibis, 1888, p. ^22 (Cashmere); 

 Elliot, Auk, y. p^ 303 (1888); Hume, Str. F. xi. p. 326 (1888: 

 Manipur) ; Everett, Journ. Straits Branch. Asiat. Soc. 1889, p. 203 

 (S.E.Borneo) ; Steere, List B.8f Mantm. Philipp.y. 26 (1890: Min- 

 doro) ; Oates, ed. Hume's Nests cy Eggs Ind. B. iii. p. 358 (1890) : 

 Beid, Cat. B. Luchrtow Mus. p. 254 (1890) ; Sharpe, Bep. Set. 

 Results 2nd Tark. Miss., Aves, p. 136 (1891: Woolar Lake); 

 Styan, Ibis, 1891, pp. 330, 502 (Lower Yangtze). 



Adalt male in breeding-plumage. General colour above dark 

 chocolate-brown with a bronzy gloss ; scapulars like the back ; 

 entire wing-coverts creamy-white ; primary-coverts white ; bastard- 

 wing feathers also tipped with black ; primaries blackish ; the outer 

 one entirely so, the next one white at base of inner web, the white 

 gradually increasing, until on the inner primaries there is only a 

 black tip ; secondaries entirely white except the inner ones, which 

 are brown like the back ; rump, upper tail-coverts, and tail blackish 

 brown ; crown of head and face, as well as the entire throat, pure 

 white ; occiput and nape black, extending in a line down the sides 

 of the neck, separating from the throat the golden patch which 

 occupies the whole of the hind-neck ; entire under surface of body 

 blackish chocolate ; under wing-coverts and axillaries, as well as the 

 quill-lining, white. Total length 20*5 inches, culmen 1 - 15, wing 7'8, 

 tail 2-4, centre feathers 12, tarsus 2-1. 



Adult female. Similar to the male in plumage: "bill bluish; 

 feet pale plumbeous, claws horn-colour ; iris brown " (E. W. Oates). 

 Total length 21 inches, culmen L15, wing 9 - 5, tarsus 2. 



Adalt male in winter plumage. Different from the summer plumage. 

 General colour above bronzy-brown, rather more dusk} - on the lower 

 back, rump, and upper tail-coverts ; wing-coverts for the most part 

 white, but the inner, median, and greater coverts browner and 

 crossed with wavy blnck lines, more or less obsolete on the outer 

 coverts ; inner secondaries also slightly varied on the outer web 

 with white and black bars ; upper tail-coverts white, freckled and 

 barred with brown or black on the inner web, the longer coverts 

 brown like the centre tail-feathers ; remainder of the tail-feathers 

 white ; crown of head dark brown ; the forehead freckled with 

 hoary white edgings to the feathers ; down the hind-neck a band 

 of brown feathers tipped with white and flanked with golden yellow 



