'/■. 



1. AKENAKIA. 97 



. 492 (Barbados, Aug., Sept.) ; Pleske, Mem. Acad. Imp. St. 



tyersb. (7) xxxvi. p. 60 (1888 : Tschinas, Sept.) ; Everett, Journ. 

 Straits Branch Asiat. Soc. 1889, p. 205 ; id. P. Z. S. 1889, p. 22-5 

 (Palawan) ; Milne-Edwards $r Oust. N. Arch. Mus. (2) x. p. 288 

 (1880: Anjouau Isl.) ; Saunders, Man. p. 541 (1889) ; Giyl.Arif. 

 Ital. pt. 1, p. 579 (1889), pt. 2, p. 6(31 (1890), pt. 3, p. 517 

 (1801); Brusina, Motor. (Om. Croatica), p. 88 (1890); Seeb. B. 

 Japan. Emp. p. 331 (1800: Kuriles, probably breeding; S. Japan, 

 winter) ; Whitehead, Ibis, 1890, p. 50 (Palawan, Sept.) ; Sharpe, t. c. 

 pp. 14.'), 284 (Lawas River, April, May); Grant, t. c. p. 442 

 (.Madeira); Eagle Clarke, Zool. 1890, p. 12 (Jan Mayen) ; Steere, 

 List B. ,y Mamm. Philipp. p. 26 ( 1890: Mindanao, Xegrosj : Koeniy, 

 J. f. O. 1891, p. 313 (Canaries)'; Buckley fy liarvie Brown, Faun. 

 Orkney Isl. p. 204 (1891: breeding); Sharpe, Ibis, 1891, -p. 115(Fao, 

 June); Sminders, t. c. p. 187 (Switzerland); Styan, t. c. p. 330 

 (Lower Yangtze), p. 504 (Shanghai, May); Frivaldsku, Av. Huny. 

 p. 125(1S91) ; Sharpe, Sci. Res. 2nd Yark. Miss. p. 139 (1891 : Nubia 

 Valley, Oct.) ; Macfarlane, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. xiv. p. 430 (1891) ; 

 Salvad. Aqq. Orn. Papuasia, pt. iii. p. 198 (1891) : Schalow, J.f. O. 

 1891, p. 258; Wiglesic. Abhandi. Mus. Dresd. no. 6, p. 63 (1891) ; 

 Sibree, Ibis, 1892, p. 115 (Madagascar) ; Kendall, t. c. p. 229 

 (Gambia) ; De La Touche, t. c. p. 497 (Foochow ; Swatow, Sept.) ; 

 Scott- Wilson § Evans, Aves Ilawaiienses, pt. iii. (1892) ; Barnes, 

 Ibis, 1893, p. 170 (Aden) ; Meade-Waldo, t. c. p. 204 (Canaries) ; 

 Hartert, t. c. p. 307 (Aruba) ; Styan, t. c. p. 436 (Hainan) ; Munn, 

 Ibis, 1894, p. 72 (Calcutta distr.) ; Pearson fy Bidioell, t. c. p. 234 

 (Norway : breeding). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above black, 

 mixed -with chestnut or partly chestnut feathers on the centre of 

 the mantle ; scapulars for the most part chestnut, but the outer 

 ones black at the ends or irregularly marked with black ; accessory 

 scapular plumes white ; entire hack below the mantle and rump 

 pure white ; upper tail-coverts black, the longer ones pure 

 white ; lesser wing-coverts blackish, the innermost rather broadly 

 edged with wbite, as also those near the edge of the wing : 

 median coverts for the most part chestnut, slightly mottled with 

 black; greater coverts blackish, narrowly margined and broadly 

 tipped with white ; bastard- wing and primary- coverts black, the 

 innermost of the latter with white tips ; quills black with white 

 shafts, and white bases to the inner primaries, the secondaries for 

 the most part white, blackish towards the ends of the feathers, 

 these black markings decreasing gradually towards the inner 

 secondaries, some of which are pure white, the innermost second- 

 aries black, mottled with chestnut like the scapulars ; tail-feathers 

 black with white bases, all but the centre tail-feathers tipped with 

 white, the black diminishing in size and forming a band towards 

 the outer feathers, which are almost white; crown of head and 

 hind neck white, the former streaked, the latter mottled with 

 black ; base of forehead and a narrow frontal line black, followed 

 by a band of white, which unites with a broad eyebrow and is 

 extended over the ear-coverts ; lores white, as well as the fore part 

 of the cheeks ; feathers round the eye and eyelid white, separated 



vol. xxix. H 



