11. HOPLOPTEHUS. 1.37 



17. HOPLOPTERUS. 



Ivpe. 



Hoplopterus, Bp. Saggio Distr. Met. Aniin. Vertebr. 



p. 66 (1831) , II. gpinosus. 



Range. S.E. Europe; N.E. and E. Africa; W. Africa from 

 Benegambia to the Congo. Indian Peninsula and Burmese countries 

 to Cochin China and Hainan. 



Key to the Species. 



a. Crown of head black from forehead lo nape ; 



back brown or ashy brown. 



a. Throat and entire breast black spinosus, p. 157. 



//. Throat black ; chest light brown ; breast 



and abdomen white, with a black patch 



in the centre ventral/*, p. 169. 



b. Crown of head white ; hinder crown and nape 



black like the sides of the face, throat, and 

 breast ; wings dove-grey ; centre of back 

 and lower scapulars black speciosus, p. Mil. 



1. Hoplopterus spinosus. 



The Black-breasted Indian Plover, Edwards, Nat. Hist. i. p. 47, 



pi. 47 (1743: Persia). 

 The Spur-winged Plover, Edwards, Gleanings Nat. Hist. ii. p. 146, 



pi. 280. fig. 2 (1760 : Aleppo). 

 Le Pluvier hupe de Perse, Briss. Orn. v. p. 84 (1760 : Persia). 

 Charadrius spinosus, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 256 (1766) ; Gm. Si/st. 



Nat. i. p. 690 (1788) ; Wagl. Syst. Av., Charadrius, sp. 10, p. 68 



(1827); Less. Traitc cFOm. p. 545 (1831) ; Temm. Man. d'Orn. 



2nd ed. iv. p. 353 (1840) ; Nordm. in Demid. Vol/. Russ. Merid, 



iii. p. 232 (1843 : Odessa) ; Schl. Rev. Crit. p. lxxxiv (1844). 

 Pluvier arme du Senegal, JJAubent. PL Enl. ix. pi. 801. 

 Le Pluvier hupptS, Buff. Hist. Nat. Ois. viii. p. 98 (1781). 

 Le Pluvier a aigrette, Buff. t. c. p. 99. 



Spur-winged Plover, Lath. Gen. Sy?i. iii. pt. 1, p. 213 (1785). 

 Spur- winged Plover, var. A, Lath. t. c. p. 214. 

 Charadrius persicus, Bonn. Enc. Meth. i. p. 21 (1790). 

 Charadrius senegalensis (nee L.), Steph. in Shaw's Gen. Zool. xi. 



p. 482 (1819). 

 Charadrius cristatus (nee Meyer), Stiph. t. c. p. 483. 

 Hoplopterus spinosus, Bp. Sayyio TJistrib. Met. Anim. Vertebr. 



p. 56 (1831) ; id. Camp. List B. Eur. Sf N. Amer. p. 46 (1838) ; 



Keys Sf Bias. Wirb. Eur. pp. lxix, 207 (1840) ; Gray, List Grail. 



Brit. Mus. p. 64 (1844 : Egvpt ; Gambia) ; Miih/e, Beitr. Orn. 



Griechenl. p. 94 (1844); Riipp. Syst. Uebers. p. 117 (1845); Scl. 



Oontr. Orn. 1852, p. 126 (Red Sea) ; Hartl. J.f. O. 1854, p. 216 



(Senegambia) ; Licht. Nomencl. Av. Mm. Berol. p. 95 (1854) ; 



Heugl. Syst. Uebers. p. 55 (1856) ; Bp. C. R. xliii. p. 418 (1866) ; 



Hartl. Orn. W.-Afr. p. 214 (1857 : Guinea; Casamanse); TV-tor. 



Ibis, 1859, p. 36(11. Jordan) ; Taylor, t. c. p. 51 (Egvpt) ; Linderm. 



VSg. OrieebenL p. 132 (1860) ; Hartl. J.f. 0. 1861, p. 268 (Bissao) ; 



Stafford Allen. Ibis, 1863, p. 156 (Egvpt) ; Antin. Cat. descr. IW. 



p. 97 (1864 : Egyptian Delta) ; Adams, Ibis, 1864, p. 29 (Nubia) ; 



Stafford Allen, i.e. p. 240; Taylor, Ibis, 1867, p. 68 (Egvpt); 



Degl. et Gerbe, Orn. Eur. ii. p. 142 (1867) ; Tristr. Ibis, 1868, 



