23. SQUATAROLA. 187 



Isl.) ; Reichen. Jahrb. Hamburg. Wissensch. 1893, p. 6 (Zanzibar) ; 



id. Voy. Deutsch.-Ost-Afr. p. 83 (181)4: E. African coast). 

 Vanellus grisous, Jenyns, Man. Brit. Vertebr. p. 181 (1885). 



Vanellus squatarolus, D'Orbir/n. in Ramon dc la Sayra, Hist. Nat. 



p. 242 (1839) ; Schl. Rev. Chit. p. lxxxiv (1844) ; Temm. $ Scht. 



Faun. Jap. p. 106 (1845-50); Schl. Voy. Nederl. pi. 217 (1854); 



id. Dier. Nederl. Voyels, pi. 21. figs. 11, 12, 12 a (1861) ; Gundl. 



J.f. O. 1871, p. 278 (Cuba). 

 Squatarola nielanogaster, Malherbe, Faun. Orn. Sicil. p. 166 (1840). 

 Charadrius (Squatarola) squatarola, Middend. Reise Sibir., Zool. 



p. 209, pi. xix. fig. 1 (1851 : egg). 

 Pluvialis squatarola, Macyill. Brit. B. iv. p. 80 (1852). _ 

 Squatarola helvetica australis, Reichenb. Grail. Novit. tab. 178. 



figs. 2683-84 (1852). 

 Squatarola wilsoni, Licht. Nomencl. Av. Mus. Berol. p. 95 (1854). 

 Charadrius longirostris, Brehm, J. f. O. 1854, p. 79 (Menzaleh 



Lake). 

 Vanellus griseus, Bolle, J.f. O. 1855, p. 176 (Canary Is.). 

 Squatarola megarhynchos, Brehm, Vogelf. p. 284 (1855) ; Olphe- 



Gall. Contr. Faun. Orn. Fur. Occid. fasc. xiii. p. 5 (1890). 

 Squatarola rhynchomega, Bp. C. R. xliii. p. 416 (1856: Abyssinia). 

 Pluvialis varius, Schl. Mus. Pays-Bas, Cursores, p. 53 (1865) : 



Deql. et Gerbe, Orn. Fur. ii. p. 127 (1867) ; Schl. fy Poll. Faune 



Maday., Ois. p. 416 (1868) ; Rose?ib. Malay. Arch. p. 278 (1878- 



79: Celebes). 

 Charadrius varius, Finsch fy Hartl. Voy. Ostafr. p. 644 (1870): 



Heuyl. Orn. N.O.-Afr. ii. pt. 1, p. 1012 (1873), App. p. clxxx ; 



Reichen. J.f. O. 1877, p. 11 (Loango Coast) ; Milne-Edwards 8f 



Grandid. Hist. Nat. Maday., Ois. p. 506 (1882). 

 Squatarola subtridactyla (Hasselq.), Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 13, 



no. 9981 (1871). 

 Charadrius (Squatarola) helveticus, Ramsai/, Pr. Linn. Soc. N. S. IV. 



i. p. 187 (1876) ; id. op. cit. ii. p. 197 (1877) ; id. Tab. List Austr. 



B. p. 19 (1888 : nearly the whole of Australia). 

 Charadrius megalorhynchus, Reichen. J.f. O. 1877, p. 11 (Loango). 

 Squatarola australis, Olphe-Gall. Contr. Faun. Orn. Eur. Occid. 



fasc. xiii. p. 6 (1890). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above mottled 

 with bars of black and ashy white, the feathers being black, notched 

 with whito and broadly tipped with the latter ; scapulars and wing- 

 covorts like the back, the greater series edged externally with 

 white, the inner ones distinctly notched with the same ; bastard- 

 wing and primary-coverts black, the former slightly, the latter more 

 plainly, tipped with white ; quills black, with the shaft white about 

 the middle, the first two primaries whito for the greater portion of 

 the inner web, decreasing in extent on the succeeding quills, which 

 also have the median portion of the shaft white, but after the fourth 

 this white shaft is accompanied by an increasing amount of white 

 on the outer web ; secondaries browD, with white edges and tips, 

 the bases also white to the inner webs ; innermost secondaries 

 resembling the back, and notched with ashy brown and blackish; 

 lower back and rump dusky brown, with white spots and fringes to 

 the feathers; upper tail-coverts and tail-feathers white, barred with 

 black or blackish brown, the bars decreasing towards the outer 

 feathers, where they are broken up into spots on the outer web ; 



