24. CHARADRIUS. 193 



p. 542 (18.31) ; Naum. Vbg. Deutsckl. vii. p. 138, pi. 173 (1834) ; 



Schl. Voy. Nederl. pi. 211 (1864). 

 Charadrius altifrons, Brehm, Vbg. Deutsckl. p. 542 (1831). 

 Pluvialis apricarius, Less. Trait 6 iVOrn. p. 543 (1831) ; Bp. Cat. 



Met. Ucc. Eur. p. 57 (1842) ; id. C. R. xliii. p. 417 (1856) ; 



Schl. Mus. Pays-Has, Cursores, p. 49 (1865: Holland, Sweden, 



Archangel) ; Degl. $ Gerbe, Orn. Eur. ii. p. 123 (1867) ; Locke, 



Erpl. Set. AlgSr., Ois. ii. p. 262 (18G7); Fritsck, Vbg. Eur. 



tab. 37. figs. 1,2 (1870). 

 Pluvialis aurea, Macgill. Brit. B. iv. p. 94 (1852). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above mottled 

 with black, golden-bun , and ashy-whitish markings ; the ground- 

 colour of the feathers black, -with spots of golden buff, the whitish 

 spots being mostly at the tips, and probably only the remains of 

 winter plumage; the scapulars and wing-coverts more distinctly 

 notched and barred with golden, the lateral marks being often 

 triangular and of irregular shape ; lesser wing-coverts brown, with 

 very little golden mottling, the median and greater series like the 

 back, and distinctly mottled with golden and black in the form of 

 frequent bars ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and quills dark 

 brown, fringed with white at the ends, the secondaries with 

 inconspicuous whity-brown bases ; the innermost notched or barred 

 with golden ; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts like the rest 

 of the upper surface, but rather more plainly barred with golden ; 

 tail-feathers brown, barred with lighter brown or golden, the outer 

 feathers externally notched with white, the light bars tinged with 

 golden ; head like the back and similarly mottled with golden ; 

 a frontal band and a distinct eyebrow white, extending down the 

 sides of the neck and joining the white along the sides of the body ; 

 base of forehead, lores, sides of face, ear-coverts, and throat 

 smoky black ; centre of fore-nock, breast, and abdomen deep black, 

 flanked with white for its entire length : the golden and black 

 plumage of the sides of the neck descending on to the sides of the 

 breast ; thighs black ; under tail-coverts white, marked with black 

 on tlie vent ; uuder wing-coverts white, mottled with ashy browu 

 round the bend of the wing ; axillaries pure white ; quills ashy 

 below, as also the lower primary-coverts : " bill, legs, feet, and 

 claws nearly black ; iris dark hazel" (H. Seehohm). Total length 

 10 inchos, culmen 1, wing 7'45, tail 2-9, tarsus 1*6. 



Adult female in breeding- plumage. Similar to the male, but 

 never having tho black so uniformly distributed on the breast, but 

 always in patches. Total length 10 inches, wing 7*4. 



Young in Jirst winter plumage. Similar to the adults, but much 

 more plentifully spangled with golden, the crown of the head some- 

 what blacker ; throat white ; lower throat, fore-neck, and breast 

 ashy brown, mottled with pale golden-buff edges and bars, the 

 feathers on the lowor throat and fore-neck being mottled with 

 triangular spots of dusky brown ; the breast and side.- of the 

 body ashy brown, with dusky-brown bars: abdomen and under 



vol. wiv. o 



