258 CHAEADEIID.E. 



Heugl. Syst. Vebers. p. 56 (1856) ; Gurney, Ibis, 1860, p. 218 

 (Natal) ; Neivton in Baring-Gould's Iceland, p. 411 (1863) ; Gray, 

 List Brit. B. p. 140 (lb63) ; Gigl. Ibis, lb65,p. 59 (Pisa) ; Wright, 

 t. c. p. 465 (Malta) ; Newton, t. c. p. 504 (Spitsbergen) ; Gould, 

 Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 231 (1865) ; Bli/th, Ibis, 1867, p. 165 ; 

 Gurney, Ibis, 1868, p. 255 (S. Africa) ; fristr. t. c. p. 323 (Pales- 

 tine) ; Borggr. Vogelf Norddeutschl. p. Ill (1869) ; Doderl. Avif. 

 Sicil. p. 176 (1869) ; Cab. in Ton der Decken, Reis. iii. p. 46 

 (1869) ; Gillett, Ibis, 1870, p. 306 (Xovaya Zernlya) ; Ehves # 

 Buckley, t. c. p. 330 (Turkey); Saunders, Ibis, 1871, p. 386 (S. 

 Spain) ; Salvad. Faun. Ital., Ucc. p. 205 (1871) ; Hartinq, Handb. 

 Brit. B. p. 44 (1872) ; Feilden, Zool. 1872, p. 3245 (Faroes) ; 

 Heugl. Ibis, 1872, p. 62 (isovaya Zemlya, breeding-) ; Gurney in 

 Anderss. B. Dam. Ld. p. 276 (1872: Walvisch Bay); Gould, B. 

 Gt. Brit. iv. pi. 41 (1873) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873: 

 breeding rarely) ; Alston fy Harvie-Brown, Ibis, 1873, p. 67 (Arch- 

 angel) ; Brooke, t. c. p. 337 (Sardinia) ; Tacz. J.f. O. 1873, p. 101 

 (Kultuk), 1874, p. 336 ; Durnf. Ibis, 1874, p. 398 (N. Frisian Isl.) ; 

 Irby, Orn. Straits Gibr. p. 161 (1875) ; Shelley, Ibis, 1875, p. 85 

 (Durban) ; Dresser, B. Eur. vii. p. 467, pi. 525 (1876) ; id. Ibis, 

 1876, p. 327; Blanf. East. Persia, ii. p. 280(1876); Wharton, 

 Ibis, 1876, p. 26 (Corsica) ; Seebohm, t. c. p. 289 (Lower Petchora) ; 

 Tacz. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, i. p. 248 (1876 : Dauria; Kultuk), 

 ii. p. 155 (1877: Poland); Feilden, Ibis, 1877, p. 406 (Smith 

 Sound) ; David fy Oust. Ois. Chine, p. 429 (1877 : Pekin) ; Kuml. 

 Bull. U.S. Nat.. Mus. no. 15, p. 83 (1879: Cumberland Sound) ; 

 Hume, Str. F. viii. p. 197 (1879 : Gurgaon) ; Bogd. B. Cane. p. 152 

 (1879) ; Seebohm, Ibis, 1879, p. 155 (Siberia, lat. 7U°) ; Clifton, 

 t. c. p. 369; Ayres. Ibis, 1880, p. 267 (Transvaal) ; Ridgw. Proc. 

 U.S. Nat. Mus. iii. p. 198 (1880), p. 229 (Greenland and \Y. side 

 of Cumberland Gulf), iv. p. 217 (1881); Gigl. Iconogr. Avif. Ital. 

 fasc. xi. (1881) ; Biddulph, Ibis, 1881, p. 94 (Gilgit) ; Scully, t. c. 

 p. 587; Seebohm, Ibis, 1882, p. 221 (Astrachan) ; Biddulph, t. c. 

 p. 268; Coues, Check-l. N. Amer. B. p. 97 (1882) ; Severtz. Ibis, 

 1883, p. 73 (Pamir) ; Irby, t. c. p. 287 (Santander) ; B. O. U. List 

 Brit. B. p. 159 (1883) ; Saunders, ed. YarreWs Brit. B. iii. p. 257 

 (1883) ; Baird, Breu-er, $ Ridgw. Water-Birds N. Amer. i.p. 157 

 (1884) ; Tristr. Faun. $ Flor. Palest, p. 130 (1844 : breeding) ; 

 Bogd. Cvnsp. Av. Imp. Ross. p. 75 (1884) ; Radcle, Orn. Caue. 

 pp. 43, 418 (1884 : Lakes of Armenia) ; Coues, Key N. Amer. B. 

 2nd ed. p. 603 (18.84) ; Chapm. Ibis, 1884, p. 99 (Spain) ; Saunders, 

 t. c. p. 389 (Pyrenees) ; Sharpe, ed. Layard's B. S. Afr. p. 660 

 (1834 : Cape Town ; Port Elizabeth ; E. London) ; Salvad. 

 Ann. 3Ius. Genov. (2) i. p. 217 (1884 : Shoa) ; Chapm. Ibis, 

 1885, p. 178 (Lapland) ; Biittik. Notes Leyd. Mus. vii. p. 237 

 (1885 : Liberia) ; Hartert, J.f. 0. 1886, p. 610 (Kaura) ; A. O. U. 

 Check-l. N. Amer. B. p. 162 (1886 ; W. shore of Cumberland 

 Gulf, breeding) ; Gigl. Avif. Ital. p. 373 (1886) ; Salvad. Elenco 

 Ucc. Ital. p. 212 (1886) ; Pleske, Uebers. Siiug. und Vbg. Kola 

 Halbins. p. 324 (1886) ; Tail, Ibis, 1887, p. 385 (Portugal) {Ridgw. 

 Man. N. Am. B. p. 177 (1887) ; Koenig, J.f. 0. 1888, p. 84 (Tunis) ; 

 Buckley &,- Harvie-Brown, Vertebr. Faun. Outer Hebr. p. 125 

 (1888) ; Reid, Ibis, 1888, p. 78 (Teneriffe); Guillem. t. c. pp. 104, 

 113 (Cvprus) ; Shelley, t. c. p. 305 (Manda Isl.) ; Chapm. t. c. p. 445 

 (Spain) ; Saunders, Man. Brit. B. p. 523 (1889) ; Guillem. Ibis, 1889, 

 p. 210 ; Liiford, t. c. p. 338 (Cyprus) ; Feilden, t. c. pp. 480, 491 (Bar- 

 bados) ; Biittik. Notes Leyd. Mus. xi. p. 136 (1889) ; Gigl. Avif. 



