268 



CHARADKIID^. 



whole of the upper surface i3 varied with wavy lines of pale sandy 

 buff, before which is a sub-terminal dusky bar ; the forehead is pale 

 sandy buff ; ear-coverts dusky blackish ; the collar on the fore-neck 

 is composed of brown feathers, with generally a tinge of sandy buff 

 on the throat. The black markings on the head and the black collars 

 are gained by a moult in the following spring. There appears to 

 me to be also a change of feather, especially on the neck-collar. 



I regret to say that I am unable to follow Colonel Legge in 

 recognizing M. jerdoni as distinct from jE. cttronicus, and for the 

 purpose of comparison, I have given the measurements of the large 

 series of skins possessed by the British Museum, but, as Mr. Seebohm 

 says, "tropical examples completely intergrade with those from 

 temperate regions." Neither do I find much difference in the extent 

 of the black frontal line, or of the swollen eye-ring, which Colonel 

 Legge considers to be specific characters for the Indian species ; 

 the only character which I can admit, and this, too, is a variable 

 one, is the more distinct yellow base to the under mandible, which is 

 invariably present in the adult breeding birds from the Indian region, 

 but is absent or only feebly developed in European specimens. 



Hub. Europe generally, except the northern parts, across Siberia 

 to Japan, wintering in North-eastern Africa, India, the Moluccas, 

 even to New Guinea and the adjacent islands. Accidental in Great 

 Britain and western North America. 



a. $ ad. sk. [w. 47]. 



b. Pull. sk. 



c.Ad.sk. [w. 4-35]. 



d. Ad.sk. [w. 4-75]. 



e. 3 ad. ; /, g. Juv. 

 sk. [w. 4 - 65]. 



h. $ ad. sk. [w. 



4-75]. 

 i, 2 ad- fi k- [ w - 



4-45]. 

 &.$ad.sk.[w.4-55] 

 I. Ad. sk. [w. 4-25; 

 m. Ad. sk. [w. 4 - 6 

 n-q. S a d. ; r. $ ad. 



sk. [w. 4-5-4-0]. 

 s. 2 ad - sk. [w. 4-41. 

 t. d ad. sk. [w.4-5], 



u. 5 ad. sk. [w. 4 - 4]. 



v, w. Ad. sk. [w. 4-3 



-4-5]. 

 x. 2 a d- sk. [w. 



4-6]. 

 y, z. Ad. sk. [w. 



4-35-4-4]. 

 a', b'. S ad. ; c'. £ 



ad. sk. [w. 4-6- 



4-65]. 



Freshwater, Isle of Wight, 



Aug. (H. Rogers). 

 Em-ope. 

 Holland. 

 Germany. 

 Germany. 



Germany. 



Halle, A.ug. 



Wesel, Rhine, May 24. 

 Vienna. 

 Transylvania. 

 Hungary, May 25. 



S.E. Russia. 



Near Constantinople, May 7 



{T. Robson). 

 riedmont, Italy, May (T. 



Salvador i). 

 Malta, April, Sept. (C. 



Wright). 

 Malta,' April (C. W.). 



Granada, Spain, Oct. (H. 



Saimders). 

 Gibraltar, March. 



Seebohm Coll. 



Gould Coll. 

 J. Gould, Esq. 

 Tweeddale Coll. 

 Hume Coll. 



Gould Coll. 



Hume Coll. 



E. Hartert, Esq. [C.]. 

 Sharpe Coll. 

 C.G.Danford,Esq.[P.]. 

 Hungarian National 



Museum [P.]. 

 Seebohm Coll. 

 Tweeddale Coll. 



Tweeddale Coll. 



Tweeddale Coll. 



Hume Coll. 



Tweeddale Coll. 



Colonel Irby [P.]. 



