38. CLADORHYNCnUS. 325 



Man. tPOrn. ii. p. 593 (1820); Gray, Gen. B. iii. p. 556 (1847); 



Reichenb. Grail, tab. l.vii. fig. 520 (1851 ). 

 Leptorhynchus pectoralis, Die Bus, Bull. R. Acad. Belgi(/ue, ii. 



p. 420, pi. vii. (1835) ; id. Mag. de Zool. 1835, pi. 45. 

 Ehmantopus palmatus, Gould, Syn. B. Austr. part ii. (1837). 

 Cladorhynch.ua pectoralis, (fray, List Gen. B. p. 69 (1840); Gould, 



B. Austr. vi. pi. 26 (1841) ; Gray, List Grail. Brit. Mus. p. 98 



(1844 : S. Australia) ; id. Gen. B. iii. p. 557 (1847) ; Start. Exp. 



Centr. Austr. ii. App. p. 49 (1849: Lepson's Lake; Strezlecki's 



Creek) ; Gould, Handb. B. Austr. ii. p. 248 (1865) ; Gray, Hand-l. 



B. iii. p. 47, no. 10291 (1871) ; Ramsay, Proc. Linn. Soc. N. S. W. 



i. pp. 188, 217 (1877), ii. p. 198 (1878), vii. p. 57 (1883: eggs) ; 



North, op. cit. (2) i. p. 1165 (1887: eggs); Ramsay, Tab. List 



Austr. B. p. 20 (1888 : N. S. W. ; Victoria and S. Australia ; W. 



and S.W. Australia); North, Nests $■ Eggs Austr. B. p. 311 



(1889). 

 Xiphidiorhynchus pectoralis, Reichenb. Yog. Neuholl. p. 28 (1848) ; 



id. Grail, tab. xcvii. fig. 1047 (1851). 

 Cladorlivnchus orientalis, Selys-Longch. Bull. Acad. R. Beb/ii/w, 



xviii.pt. 1, p. 9 (1851) ; Bp. C. R. xliii. p. 421 (1856). 

 Ilimantopiis pectoralis, Schl. Mas. Pai/s-Bas, Scolopaces, p. 108 



(1864) ; Seebohm, Geogr. Dist. Charadr. p. 288, pi. 14 (1888). 

 Cladorhynchus leucocepbalus, Salein, Ibis, 1874, p. 252 note ; id. 



Cat. Strickl. Coll. p. 604 (1882). 



Adult. General colour above white, including the scapulars : 

 paraptcral plumes and wing-coverts black ; primaries black, browner 

 on the inner web, the inner ones more or less white on the inner 

 webs ; the secondaries entirely white, except the innermost, which 

 are black ; tail white, shaded with ashy grey, principally on the outer 

 webs ; head and neck all round pure white as far as the fore-neck, 

 which is separated by a line of black from the chest, which, with the 

 breast, is dark chestnut, coming to a point on the centre of the latter 

 and joining a broad black band down the centre of the abdomen ; 

 sides of body, under tail-coverts, and axillaries pure white ; under 

 Aving-coverts blackish, those near the edge of the wing and the lower 

 primary-coverts with white spots : " bill black ; feet yellow " (J. 

 Gould). Total length 13 - 5 inches, culmen 2 # S, wing 7 - 7, tail 3*1, 

 tarsus 3-05. 



Mr. Gould imagined that the chestnut breast-band disappeared 

 during the winter and was a mark of breeding-plumage. This seems 

 very possible, judging by the specimens in the Museum, which are 

 changing from white to chestnut. As they appear to be perfectly 

 old individuals, the acquisition of the chestnut breast cannot be a 

 sign of passing from youth to age. 



Young birds differ from the adults in being entirely white below, 

 and in some specimens the wings are ashy brown instead of black. 



Hah. Australia. 



a. Emm. st. Australia. Sir D. Cooper [P.]. 



b. Ad.sk. Australia. Sir D. Cooper [P A. 



c. Imni.sk. Australia. Salvin-Goaman Coll. 

 </, <,/. Ad. sk. South Australia. Sir (J. Grey [P.]. 



v. Juv. sk. South Australia. Seebohm Coll. 



