44. MACRORIIAlirUUS. 397 



dark, the feathers being black, with pale cinnamon or buffy-white 

 spots on either web of the feathers, the scapulars barred with 

 rufous or buffy white like the long innermost secondaries ; wing- 

 coverts like the back, with white tips to the greater series, the 

 coverts uniform brown where the rufous spotting of the summer 

 plumage has not commenced ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and 

 quills blackish, the latter with brown shafts, except the first one 

 which has a white shaft ; the inner primary-coverts and inner 

 primaries tipped with white, the latter with a whity-brown longi- 

 tudinal streak along the terminal region of the shaft ; the secondaries 

 margined with white externally and round the tip, with a white 

 shaft-streak also ; the innermost secondaries like the back ; lower 

 back and rump white, the latter with black spots or horseshoe- 

 shaped bars ; the upper tail-coverts and centre tail-feathers white, 

 washed with rufous, and barred across with dusky black, the former 

 with a sub-terminal black spot as well ; remainder of the tail-feathers 

 blackish brown, barred with white, these bars narrower than the 

 dusky ones and somewhat irregular in shape ; crown of head 

 nearly uniform blackish, except for a few spots of pale cinnamon, 

 the hinder neck streaked with the latter colour and dusky blackish ; 

 a broad eyebrow of sandy buff ; sides of the face of the same colour 

 with tiny streaks of dusky brown ; lores dusky brown ; cheeks and 

 under surface of body light cinnamon-rufous, with a few dots of 

 dusky black, mostly on the sides of the upper breast ; the sides of 

 the body with dusky blackish bars ; under tail-coverts again 

 spotted ; axillaries white, barred with blackish ; under wing-coverts 

 also white, barred with horseshoe markings of blackish : " bill 

 dark olive ; feet light yellowish olive ; iris reddish hazel "' (J. J. 

 Audubon). Total length 10 inches, culmen '2-2, wing 5'5, tail 2*0, 

 tarsus 1*3. 



Adult female. Similar to the male in colour, but apparently with 

 a longer bill. Total length 11 inches, culmen 2-9, wing 5-65, 

 tail 1*9, tarsus 1*15. 



A pair of birds, in breeding-plumage, of the small race measure 

 as follows : — 



d . Total length 10 inches, culmen 2*35, wing 5-6, tail 1*95, 

 tarsus 1-5. 



2 • Total length 10-5 inches, culmen 2-55, wing 5"9, tail 2-1, 

 tarsus 1*5. 



Adult male in winter plumage. Uniform ashy grey above, with 

 a few blackish shaft-lines on the feathers of the mantle ; wing-coverts 

 darker brown than the back, and fringed with white; quills as in 

 the summer plumage ; centre of the back white : the lower back, 

 rump, and upper tail-coverts white, barred with black, the bars not 

 always transverse, but sometimes horseshoe-shaped; tail barred 

 with black and white, the bars complete on the centre tail-feathers, 

 but somewhat broken up and irregular on the other ones ; crown 

 of head and hind-neck uniform ashy brown ; lores and sides of face 

 dull ashy, with a tolerably broad streak of white above the lores, 

 minutely streaked with dusky ; the sides of the face also with 



