412 CHARADKIIDJS. 



Erythroscelus fuscus, Kaup, Natiirl. Stjst. p. 54 (1829) ; Bp. C. R. 



xliii. p. 596 (1856) ; Gigl. Ibis, 1865, p. 61 (Pisa, May) ; Loche, 



Expl. Sci. Alffer., Ois. p. 319 (1867) ; Heine $■ Reichen. Nomencl. 



Mus.Hein.y. 327(1890). 

 Totanus ater, Brehm, Vog. DeutscU. p. 634 (1831) ; Stejn. Bull. U.S. 



Nat. Mus. no. 29, p. 1*29 (1885: Bering Isl.) ; id. Proc. U.S. Nat. 



Mus. x. p. 133 (1887 : Commander Isl.). 

 The Spotted Redshank, Yarrell, Brit. B. ii. p. 520 (1843). 

 Totanus fuscus indicus, Reichenb. Grail, tah. cclxxxix. figs. 2370-71 



(1850). 

 Erythroscelus ocellatus, Bp. C. R. xliii. p. 596 (1856). 



Adult male in breeding-plum aye. General colour above sooty 

 black, the head uniform ; the hind-neck varied with white fringes 

 and spots on the feathers, many of which are barred with brown ; 

 scapulars also blackish, with broader white spots and edges ; wing- 

 coverts blackish, edged with white, and notched with white on both 

 webs ; the greater coverts more distinctly barred and notched with 

 white ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and primaries bronzy brown, 

 the latter white on the inner web and freckled with brown ; the 

 secondaries barred with white and brown, the brown bars irregular 

 in shape and producing a mottled appearance ; the innermost second- 

 aries bronzy brown, notched with white or brownish white on both 

 webs ; the lower back pure white ; rump and upper tail-coverts 

 regularly and distinctly barred with black and dull white ; tail- 

 feathers also blackish, narrowly barred across with white, the bars 

 somewhat interrupted on the outer feathers ; sides of face, throat, 

 and under surface of body sooty black, with the remains of whitish 

 mai'gins, these being more distinct on the abdomen ; the under tail- 

 coverts distinctly barred with black and white ; under wing-coverts 

 and axillaries pure white, the edge of the wing and lower primary- 

 coverts barred with black : " bill very dark brown, the basal half of 

 the lower mandible dusky red ; legs and toes orange-red ; claws 

 black ; iris brown " (E. W. Oates). Total length 12 inches, culmen 

 2-4, wing 6-25, tail 2-4, tarsus 24. 



Adult female in breeding-plumage. Not to be distinguished from 

 the male. Total length 12 inches, culmen 2-3, wing 6-45, tail 2*5, 

 tarsus 2*1. 



Adult in winter plumage. Entirely different from the summer 

 plumage and with reddish legs ; upper surface grey, the lower back 

 white ; the rump and upper tail-coverts barred with black and 

 white ; wings bronzy brown, all the coverts and secondaries edged 

 or notched with white, the secondaries as plainly barred with black 

 and white as in the breeding-plumage ; the innermost secondaries 

 bronzy brown, with imperfect bars of black on the margins : head 

 grey like the back, with a supra-loral mark of white ; lores ashy ; 

 sides of face white, streaked with ashy grey ; under surface of body 

 white, with streaks of dusky grey on the fore-neck ; sides of upper 

 breast also ashy grey ; on the flanks and under tail-coverts a few 

 incomplete dusky cross-bars. 



Young birds in first plumage are similar to + he winter plumage of 



