418 CHARADK1ID.E. 



Adult male in summer -plumage. General colour above brown, "with 

 more or less of a reddish hue, the feathers mottled with black centres 

 and notched or barred with black ou the margins ; scapulars brown, 

 barred with black : lower back and rump pure white, with a few 

 black spots on the latter ; upper tail-coverts ashy white, barred 

 across with black; wing-coverts uniform, excepting the median and 

 greater coverts, which are barred with lighter brown and notched 

 with white at the ends ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, and pri- 

 maries uniform blackish brown ; the inner primaries white towards 

 the ends, freckled with brown ; secondaries white, with blackish 

 bases ; the inner secondaries brown, notched with whity brown and 

 more or less distinctly barred with black ; centre tail-feathers 

 brown, barred with darker brown, the remainder white, barred across 

 with blackish ; crown of head dark brown, the feathers edged with 

 lighter brown ; lores blackish ; sides of face and ear-coverts white, 

 streaked with blackish brown ; cheeks, throat, and under surface of 

 body w 7 hite, streaked with broad central markings of blackish brown, 

 most of the breast-feathers with more or less concealed bars of 

 brown ; abdomen white ; sides of body and flanks with arrow-shaped 

 bars and streaks of brown ; under tail-coverts white, barred across 

 with brown ; under wing-coverts and axillaries pure white, with a 

 few narrow brown bars near the edge of the wing ; quills below 

 dusky brown, ashy on the inner web, many of the quills freckled or 

 barred with brown : bill black, red near the base ; feet bright 

 orange-red ; iris brown. Total length 9*5 inches, culmen 1*55, 

 wing 5-S5, tail 2-4, tarsus 1*65. 



Adult female in breeding-plumage. Similar to the male, but not 

 quite so strongly mottled with black above and somewhat less spotted 

 below. Total length 10 inches, culmen 1*5, wing 6 - 2, tail 2-45, 

 tarsus l - 65. 



Adidt in winter plumage. Differs from the summer plumage in 

 being more uniform both above and below. The upper surface is 

 dark ashy brown, and the wing-coverts and inner secondaries are 

 also uniform brown, excepting for a few whitish notches and bars 

 at the end of the greater coverts and on some of the inner second- 

 aries ; otherwise the quills and tail-feathers are the same as in the 

 summer plumage ; throat and underparts white ; the sides of the face 

 and lower throat narrowly streaked with blackish : the fore-neck, 

 chest, and sides of breast uniform ashy brown ; the sides of the body, 

 flanks, and under tail-coverts white, with wavy bars of blackish 

 brown ; the centre of the breast also mottled with a few spots and 

 bars of brown : bill dark brown ; feet yellow ; iris dark brown. 



Young after first moult. Similar to the winter plumage of the 

 adults, but more spangled above, with reddish-brown edges to the 

 feathers and white or fulvous notches or bars on the wing-coverts 

 and inner secondaries ; under surface of body with triangular spots 

 of brown on the fore-neck and breast, and the sides of the body 

 irregularly barred with brown. 



Nestlinrj. Heddish above, longitudinally streaked with black ; 

 the sides of the crown and sides of face buff, with a black line 



