65. ARQUATELLA. 581 



less distinct on the lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts, the 

 longest of which have white tips ; sides of rump and lateral upper 

 tail-coverts white, with narrow blackish shaft-liDes ; wing-coverts 

 like the back and having the same pale fringes; bastard-wing and 

 primary-coverts black with white tips ; quills dusky brown, black 

 along the outer web and at the tip of the inner one, the secondaries 

 tipped with white and having a considerable amount of white 

 on the inner web, increasing in extent on the inner secondaries, 

 which are entirely white or have only a small mark of black on the 

 outer web ; the innermost secondaries black ; centre tail-feathers 

 blackish, the remainder ashy grey, fringed with white and having 

 whitish shafts ; head and neck uniform sooty black, with a faint 

 streak of dull white on the lores and behind the eye ; eyelid 

 whitish ; sides of face, throat, and fore-neck sooty brown, the chin 

 whiter; breast and abdomen, as well as the under tail-coverts, 

 white, the breast and sides of the body mottled with dusky-brown 

 centres to the feathers, the flanks streaked with the same colour; 

 axillaries and under wing-coverts pare white; quill-lining ashy 

 grey. Total length 7"5 inches, culmen 1*2, wing 4 - 9, tail 2-1, 

 tarsus - 85. 



Young. Is distinguished from the adult in winter by the white 

 edges to the feathers of the back, these being grey in the winter 

 plumage of the adults. The white edges ou the wing-coverts are 

 also more pronounced in young birds. As the light edges wear off 

 during the first winter, young birds are sometimes found with a 

 perfectly black upper surface. 



Adults in summer plumage. Differ from the winter plumage in being 

 browner below and not so ashy, the fore-neck being either uniform 

 brown or mottled with spots of black, the upper breast and sides of 

 the body being also thickly spotted with black ; the upper surface 

 is black, with rufous margins to the feathers instead of ashy or 

 whitish ones : bill dark brown, paler at the base ; feet dull yellow, 

 claws black ; iris hazel. Total length 8 - 5 inches, culmen 1"5, 

 wing 5-2, tail 2-15, tarsus - 95. 



Nestling. Rufous above, with a black pattern on the head and 

 •centre of back extending on to the wings and flanks, the upper 

 surface being spangled with tiny spots of golden yellow at the tips 

 •of the down ; hind-neck ashy fulvous ; forehead and eyebrow buff, 

 with a mesial streak on the former ; a line of black above aud 

 below the gape ; under surface of body ashy white. 



Hub. Breeding in Arctic Europe and North-eastern America, 

 ranging south in winter on the coasts of Temperate Europe and 

 America. 



.a, b. cJjuv. et$ Strom ness, Orkneys (J. Dunn). Seebohm Coll. 



c , d, e. j ad. sk. Island of Tiree, Feb. & May. Colonel Irbv [P.]. 



f,g. Ad. sk. N. Berwick, Nov. [J. II. Yule). Seebohm Coll. 



h. Ad. st. Dunstanburgh, Northumber- J. E. Harting, Esq. 



land, Mav. [C.l 



i. <3 nd. sk. Filey Bay, Yorkshire, autumn. Seebohm Coll. 



