07. TRINGA. 597 



Knot or Ash-colourod Sandpiper, Nuttall, Man. Orn. ii. p. 125 



(1834). 

 Calidris canutus, Gould, B. Eur. iv. pi. .324 (1837). 

 Trynga islandica, Nordm. in Demid. Voi/. Russ. Merid. hi. p. 238 



(1840: Black Sea; Odessa; Crimea, autumn). 

 PTringa lomatina, Licht. Nomcncl. Av. Mus. Berol. p. 92 (1854). 

 Canutus rufescens, Brehm, Naumania, 1855, p. 292. 

 Tringa (Actodromas) canutus, Coues, Key N. Amer. B. p. 255 (1872). 

 Tringa canuti, Brusina, Motr. etc. (Orn. Croat.), p. 88 (1890). 



Adult male in winter plumage. General colour above ashy grey, 

 perfectly uniform except on the rump, where there are a few dusky 

 bars ; upper tail-coverts white, barred across with black ; wing- 

 coverts ashy like the back, except the marginal coverts which are 

 dusky brown, the median series also with dusky centres, the greater 

 series tipped with white ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts black, 

 the inner ones broadly tipped with white ; quills dull ashy brown, 

 blackish on the outer web and at the tip of the inner web, the 

 shafts white, the inner primaries plainly edged with white near the 

 base of the outer web ; the inner secondaries ashy brown like the 

 back ; tail ashy grey, with whitish shafts to the feathers ; crown of 

 head ashy grey, slightly mottled with dusky centres to the feathers ; 

 lores dusky grey, surmounted by a broad streak of white continued 

 into a narrow white eyebrow, slightly streaked with dusky lines ; 

 sides of face white, with narrow dusky streaks, the upper margin of 

 the ear-coverts ashy grey ; under surface of body white, the chin 

 unspotted, but the throat streaked, and the fore-neck and chest 

 mottled with spots or bars, the sidos of the neck and of the chest 

 dull ashy brown ; the flanks white, with irregular bars or arrow- 

 head marks of dusky brown ; under wing-coverts white, the 

 axillaries with a few dusky bars ; lower primary-coverts and quill- 

 lining ashy grey. Total length 9 inches, culmen l - 3, wing 6*1, 

 tail 2-3, tarsus 1-2. 



Young birds. Very similar to the winter plumage of the adults, 

 being grey above and white below. They may, however, be easily 

 distinguished by the marbled appearance of the upper surface, the 

 feathers being fringed with white, before which is a narrow sub- 

 marginal line of black ; there is also a tinge of buff over the throat, 

 breast, and sides of the body, these parts being thickly spotted with 

 dusky brown, especially on the flanks. 



Adult male in summer plumage. Differs from the winter plumage 

 in having the under surface of the body chestnut, as well as the 

 eyebrow and sides of tho face ; the whole of the upper surface also 

 suffused with chestnut, the feathers being black in the centre 

 with chestnut margins, while on the scapulars and long inner 

 secondaries the chestnut colour is distributed in the form of twin 

 spots, often forming nearly complete bars ; the white on the rump 

 and upper tail-coverts is strongly tinged with chestnut, and the 

 black bars are very distinct : bill and feet black ; iris dark hazel. 

 Total length 10 inches, culmen 1-3, wing 6*5, tail 2-3, tarsus 1*1. 



Adidt female in breeding-plumage. Similar to the male, but not 



