70. GALLINAGO. 629 



wavy manner, so as to leave large patches of black ; the scapulars 

 with broader and whiter edges, so as to form a double line down 

 the back; lower back, rump, and upper tail-coverts sandy buff, 

 barred with dusky brown, the end of the tail-coverts white ; wing- 

 coverts blackish brown, tho marginal series with ashy fringes, the 

 remainder with conspicuous white tips, before which is a black 

 sub-terminal bar, the inner greater coverts also barred with sandy 

 rufous ; bastard-wing and primary-coverts blackish, tipped with 

 white ; quills dark brown, the secondaries tipped with white, the 

 innermost being barred with sandy rufous and resembling the back ; 

 tail-feathers bright rufous, with black bases and black bars on the 

 terminal half of the feather, scarcely visible near the tips, the white 

 tips to the feathers gradually increasing in extent until the four 

 outer ones on each side are entirely white except for a little black 

 near the base ; centre of crown whitish, bordered on each side by a 

 broad band of black, slightly freckled with rufous, and followed by 

 a broad superciliary streak, ashy whitish in front and fulvescent 

 behind ; a dusky streak from the base of the bill to the eye ; sides 

 of face whitish, with numerous tiny blackish spots and a dark patch 

 below the ear-coverts ; the hind-neck and sides of neck sandy buff, 

 6treaked with black ; chin, breast, and abdomen white ; the lower 

 throat, fore-neck, and chest pale sandy buff, with central spots of 

 black on the feathers ; the sides of the breast and flanks regularly 

 barred with black ; the under tail-coverts sandy buff, tinged with 

 rufous, and having more or less complete bars of black ; under 

 wing-coverts and axillaries white, barred with black, the latter very 

 distinctly banded ; lower primary-coverts and quills below uniform 

 ashy brown : " bill brown ; feet light slate-colour ; iris very dark " 

 (T. A>/res). Total length 11 inches, culmeu 2-45, wing 5-55, 

 tail 2, tarsus 1*35. 



Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 10-5 inches, 

 culmen 2-5, wing 5-3, tail 2, tarsus 1-5. 



Winter plumage. More sandy buff than in summer, the buff 

 edges to the feathers of the upper surface broader and more con- 

 spicuous; the blackish markings on the fore-neck larger and 

 coarser, and either circular or horseshoe-shaped. 



Yoioig. Much more rufous than the adults, and having the black 

 of the upper parts more uniform, the lateral edges to the scapular 

 feathors not so distinct ; the inner greater coverts and inner second- 

 aries regularly barred with black and rufous, the bars being of about 

 equal width ; the white tips to the wing-coverts not so distinct and 

 slightly tinged with buff; the sides of the face and hind-neck much 

 more rufous than in the adults, and the white upper breast also 

 showing dusky circular bars; the white outer tail-feathers also 

 barred with dusky brown. 



Nestling. Covered with down of an ashy fulvous, inclining to 

 rufous here and there on the crown and centre of the back, as well 

 as on the wings ; a very broad eyebrow of isabelline white, like the 

 sides of the face ; a line of black in the centre of the forehead, 

 extending on to the crown ; lores crossed by a line of black, with 



