70. GALLINAGO. 655 



Sanju, Nov.); Seebohm, Ibis, 1891, p. 378 (Western Szechuen) ; 



Styan, t. c. pp. 330, 504 (Lower Yantgse). 

 Scolopax hyemalis, Eversmann, Bull. Soc. Mosc. xviii. pt. 1, p. 257 



(1845 : Altai Mountains) ; Severtz. Turkest. Jevotn. p. 69 (1873 : 



breeding) ; Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 330 (Turkestan). 

 Scolopax (Gallinago) solitaria, Temm. # Schl. Faun. Jap., Ares, p. 112, 



tab. lxviii. (1847). 

 Scolopax solitaria, Middend. Reis. Sibir., Zool. p. 223 (1851 : Stanovoi 



Mts.) ; Radde, Reis. Sibir., Vog. p. 334 (1863 : Bureja Mrs.) ; 



I)yb. J.f. 0. 1868, p. 338 (Darasun) ; Tacz. J. f. O. 1873, p. 104; 



Seebohm, Geogr. Distr. Charadr. p. 475 (1888) ; id. B. Japan. 



Emp. p. 342 (1890). 

 Spilura solitaria, Bp. C. R. xliii. p. 579 (1856) ; Heine 8f Reichen. 



Nomencl. Mm. Hein. p. 331 (1890: Nepal). 

 Spilura japonica, Bp. C. R. xliii. p. 579 (1856). 

 Gallinago hyemalis, Bp. C. R. xliii. p. 579 (1856) ; Tacz. Bull. Soc. 



Zool. France, i. p. 256 (1876) ; id. Bull. Soc. Zool. France, viii. 



p. 340 (1883: hamtchatka) ; Dyb. $ Tacz. op. cit. ix. p. 147 



(1884) ; Bor/d. Consp. Av. Imp. Ross. p. 102 (1884) ; Stejn. Bull. 



U.S. Nat. Mus. no. 29, p. 316 (1885: Kamtchatka) ; Tacz. P. Z. S. 



1888, p. 459 (Corea) ; id. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb. (7) 



xxxix. p. 953 (1893). 

 Gallinago japonica, Gray, Hand-l. B. iii. p. 53, no. 10346 (1871) ; 



Swinh. Ibis, 1873, p. 364 (Shanghai, Feb.). 

 Scolopax solitaria japonica, Seebohm, Ibis, 1886, p. 129 ; Stejn. Proc. 



U.S. Nat. Mus. x. p. 129 (1887 : Ussuri) ; Seebohm, Geogr. Distr. 



Charadr. p. 476 (1888) ; id. B. Japan. Emp. p. 343 (1890). 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. General colour above rufous 

 brown and black, the markings arranged principally as irregular 

 bars not always complete, the scapulars broadly margined with 

 white, forming longitudinal streaks down the upper surface ; lower 

 back and rump barred with dull rufous and black, the lateral 

 feathers white, barred with black ; the upper tail-coverts dull earthy 

 brown with whitish tips, but with scarcely any remains of dusky 

 bars ; wing-coverts brown, more or less distinctly tipped with white 

 and crossed with irregular bars of rufous and black, especially on 

 the inner median and greater coverts, the remainder of the greater 

 series dark ashy brown with very little remains of white tips or 

 rufous bars ; primary-coverts blackish, narrowly edged with white 

 at the tips ; quills dusky brown, with white fringes at the ends of 

 the feathers, the primaries margined with white, the first primary 

 with the outer edge white with faint remains of brown mottlings, 

 the inner secondaries barred with dull rufous and black ; the 

 central tail-feathers black, with a broad sub-terminal bar of rufous, 

 followed by a narrow lino of black before a whitish tip ; the outer 

 feathers very narrow, not more than - l inch broad, white crossed 

 by four black bars, which are sometimes connected on the outer- 

 most feathers ; crown of head dusky blackish, spotted with rufous, 

 and having a median line of white down the crown ; eyebrow 

 white, reaching to the nape, where it becomes narrower and indis- 

 tinct ; a broad loral spot of brown continued in a line to the eye ; 

 sides of face and car-coverts whitish, broadly streaked with dusky 



