•668 CHAEADEIIDJE. 



black and rufous markings of the feathers ; lower back and 

 rump uniform black ; upper tail-coverts blackish, slightly freckled 

 with rufous, with broad margins of ochreous buff; wing-coverts 

 blackish, with pale rufescent margins, less distinct on the marginal 

 series, which are almost uniform ; the greater coverts uniform 

 dusky brown, with pale fringes ; bastard-wing, primary-coverts, 

 and quills dusky brown, with slight white tips to the primary- 

 coverts, the secondaries paler and more ashy at the tips, the long 

 inner ones mottled like the scapulars ; tail-feathers pointed, uniform 

 dusky brown, with pale sandy-buff margins ; crown of head and 

 nape black, sparsely spotted with rufous and bordered by a broad 

 superciliary band of sandy buff, the lores and feathers round the 

 eye being blackish ; cheeks and ear-coverts dull white, spotted with 

 black, and having a black hue along the upper cheeks ; chin and 

 upper throat white ; sides of neck and hind-neck earthy brown, 

 slightly mottled with blackish, and separating the head from the 

 back ; lower throat and fore-neck pale rufous-brown, spotted and 

 streaked with black, the sides of the throat and flanks being 

 similarly marked ; breast, abdomen, and under tail-coverts pure 

 white, the latter with a few dusky streaks ; under wing-coverts ashy 

 whitish, with dusky bars ; axillaries pure white ; lower primary- 

 coverts and quill-lining dull ashy : " bill black at the tip, paler 

 towards the end, more slaty horn-colour at the base of the lower 

 mandible; feet pale olive-green; iris dark brown" (E. A. Butler). 

 Total length 7"5 inches, culmen 1*6, wing 4-35, tail 1-9, tarsus 09. 



Adult female. Similar to the male. Total length 7'5 inches, 

 culmen 1*6, wing 4 - l, tail 1*7, tarsus 0*75. 



Winter plumage. Scarcely to be distinguished from the summer 

 plumage, except by the greater amount of blackish mottling on the 

 hinder neck and the generally more rufescent colour. The pale 

 bands on the back are lighter, but soon fade with exposure, and wear 

 the paler tints of the spring and summer dress. 



Hob. Breeds apparently from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from 

 the Dovrefjeld eastwards on the tundra. In winter it visits the 

 Mediterranean, and in the east extends to the Indian Peninsula, 

 China, and Formosa. 



a, b. Ad. sk. Great Britain. Gould Coll. 



e. <$ ad. sk. Island of Tiree, Jan. 16. Colonel Irby [P.]. 



d, e. Ad. sk. Whitehill, Midlothian, Dec. Tweeddale Coll. 



(R. G. W. JR.). 



f. Ad. sk. Stirlingshire, Nov. 9 (R. G. Tweeddale Coll. 



W. R.). 



g. S a d. ; h, i. $ Lincolnshire, Sept. 5. G. H. Caton Haigh, 

 ad. sk. Esq. [P.]. 



k, I, m. Ad. sk. Cambridgeshire. Salvin-Godman Coll. 



n. J ad. sk. Norwich, Sept. 20 (J. E. Seebohm Coll. 



Harting). 



o,p. Ad. st. Epping, Essex. H. Doubleday, Esq. 



q, r, s. (5 ad. sk. Cookhaui, Berks, Oct., Nov. Tweeddale Coll. 

 (R. B. Sharpe). 



