73. scoLorAX. 671 



73. SCOLOPAX. 



Type. 



Scolopax, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 242 (170(5) S. rusticula. 



Kusticola, Vieill. N. Diet. iFHist. Nat. iii. p. 348 (1816). S. rusticula. 



Range. Europe generally and Siberia, up to 60° or 65° N. lat., 

 nesting also in the Himalayas, and in the Azores, Canaries, and 

 Madeira. Wintering in the Mediterranean countries, the Indian 

 Peninsula, Burma, and China. Occasionally straggling to North 

 America. Mountains of Java and N.W. New Guinea. 



Key to the Species. 



m. Abdomen buff like the breast, and similarly barred 

 with blackish ; forehead ashy grey ; primaries 

 dusky blackish, with rufous notches rusticula, p. 671. 



i. Abdomen white, with dusky bars ; forehead rufous, 

 barred with black ; primaries black, almost uni- 

 form except for a few rufous dots on the outer 

 webs ; colour everywhere darker than in S. rusti- 

 cula saturata, p. 678. 



1. Scolopax rusticula. 



The Woodcock, Albin, Nat. Hist. i. p. 67, pi. 70 (1738) ; Lath. Gen. 

 Sijn. iii. pt. 1, p. 129 (1785) ; Yarrdl. Brit. B. ii. p. 583 (1843) ; 

 Graham, B. Iona $■ Mull, p. 231 (1890). 



La Beccasse, Briss. Orn. v. p. 292 (1760) ; D'Aubent. Tl. Enl. viii. 

 pi. 885. 



Scolopax rusticola, Linn. Syst. Nat. i. p. 243 (1766) ; Gm. Syst. 

 Nat. i. p. 660 (1788) ; Beehst. Orn. Taschenb. ii. p. 279 (1803) ; 

 Meyer $ Wolf, Orn. Taschenb. ii. p. 361 (1810); Pall. Zoogr. 

 Rosso-Asiat. ii. p. 171 (1811) ; Temm. Matt. d'Orn. p. 436(1815) ; 

 Koch, Syst. baicr. Zool. p. 311 (1816) ; Temm. Man. d'Orn. ii. 

 p. 673 (1820); Werner, Atlas, Grail, pi. 28 (1827); Fleming, 

 Brit. Anim. p. 105 (1828); Rous, Orn. Prov. pi. 299 (1830); 

 Hodys. Glean. Sci. iii. p. 233 (1831) ; Menttr. Cat. Pais. Cauc. 

 p. 51 (1832: Lenkoran); Jenyns, Man. Brit. T'ertcbr. p. 204 

 (1835); Strickl. P. Z. S. 1836, p. 110 (Smyrna) : Gould, B. Pur. 

 iv. pi. 319 (1837); Bp. Comp. List B. Bio: \ X. Amer, p. 53 

 (1838) ; Crespon, Orn. Gard, p. 439 (1840) ; Webb $ Berth. Orn. 

 Canar. p. 39 (1841) ; Selys-Lonych. Faun. Belye, p. 130(1842); 

 Sehl. Be*. Crit. p. Ixxxv (1844); Hodge. Icon. med. in Brit. Mm., 

 Grail, pis. 106, 107, no. 546; id. in Gray's Zool. Misc. p. 86 

 (1844); Qray, List Grail. Brit. Mm. p. 109 (1844); id. Gen. B. 

 iii. p. 584 (1846) ; id. Cat. Mamrn. fyc. Nepal pres. Hodys. p. Ill 

 (1846) ; Setoits. Eggs Brit. B. ii. p. 303. pi. Ixxxv. (1846); Bh,th, 

 Cat. Ii. Mus. As. Soc. p. 271 (1849: Calcutta: Niltrhins) ; 

 T/wmps. B. Irel. ii. p. 235 (1850) ; Middend. Rett. Silir., Zool. 

 p. 223 (1851 : Stauovoi Mountains); Harcourt, P. Z. S. 1n,1, 

 p. 142 (Madeira, breeding); Kja-rb. Fianm. Fugle, Taf. 37. fig. 1 

 (1851); Schl. Vog, Nederl. pi. 220(1854); Licht. Nomencl. Av. 

 Mus. Berol. p. 93 (1854) ; Bolle, J. f. O. 1855, p. 313 (Spain) ; 

 Bp. C. P. xhii. p. 579 (1856) ; Sundev. Sv. Foyl. pi. 44. fiir. 1 

 (1 -•"»'.•): Jauh. ,t Bartk-Lapomm. Rich. Orn. p. 178 (1868); 

 Stcinh. Ibis, 1860, p. 60 (Anioy) ; Povn/i, t. c. p. 340 (Ionian Is.); 



