79. 8TEGAN0PU8. 707 



upper tail-coverts dusky brown, irregularly mottled and edged with 

 white, the longer ones centred with pale rufous, the Literal ones 

 pure white ; wing-coverts uniform dull brown, with a narrow white 

 edging to the greater coverts; bastard-wing and primary-corerts 

 like the wing-coverts ; quills also dusky brown, with light brown 

 shafts; the first primary with a white shaft ; centre tail-feathers 

 ashy brown, the remainder ashy brown, more or less white on the 

 inner web, the white increasing in extent towards tho outermost 

 rectrices, which have little more than the outer web ashy ; crown of 

 head uniform pearly grey ; occiput, nape, and hind-neck white ; 

 lores grey like the head, followed by a white ante-ocular spot, which 

 is surrounded by a black margin; upper eyelid also white; lower 

 eyelid black like the feathers in front of the eye and below the 

 latter, which form part of a black band formed by the ear-coverts 

 and the sides of the neck and the sides of tho crown, extending to 

 the sides of the neck, and even overspreading the sides of the neck, 

 which are deep vinous chestnut, this colour being continued with a 

 broad rufous line on each side of the mantle ; cheeks, chin, and 

 upper throat white ; lower throat clear ferruginous or chestnut, 

 sharply defined on its upper margin, and becoming paler on the fore- 

 neck and sides of breast ; centre of fore-neck, breast, and under 

 surface of body pure white; under wing-coverts and axillaries also 

 white, the feathers round the edge of the wing ashy brown; quills 

 below dusky brown, slightly paler along the inner web: " l>ill 

 black ; feet bluish grey, claws black ; iris brown " (C. J. Audubon). 

 Total length 9-3 inches, culmen 1*45, wing do, tail '2-3, tarsus 135, 

 middle toe and claw 1*15. 



Adult male in breeding-plumage. Much duller in colour than the 

 female; the mantle-feathers blackish brown, with reddish edges; 

 the crown of the head uniform blackish, the nape white, shading off 

 into ashy grey on the hind-neck ; all the vinous parts of the upper 

 surface indicated as in the female, but the colour never so bright 

 and always of a dull chestnut ; rump and upper tail-coverts white, 

 with a sub-terminal line of dusky brown, forming a kind of horse- 

 shoe mark on the feather, the lateral upper tail-coverts whit' ; sides 

 of the crowu chestnut like the sides of the neck, slightly mixed 

 with black, but not entirely black as in the female ; under surface of 

 body as in the female, but the rufous pari duller. Total leagth 8'«3 

 inches, culmen 1-23, wing -hO, tail 1*85, tarsus L'25, middle toe 

 and claw 1*2. 



Adult, male in winter 'plumage. Genera] colour above light ashy 

 grey, with narrow white fringes to the feathers; lower back some- 

 what more dusky ; nunp and upper tail-coverts white, the longer 



tail-coverts ashy i^rey with white margins ; crown of head uniform 

 ashy grey like the neck ; forehead, a broad eyebrow, sides of fair, 

 and entire under surface of body pure white ; feathers in front of 

 the eye blackish; along the top of tie' ear-coverte a line of ashy ; 

 sides of upper breasl shaded with light ashy. 



i Mottled on the upper surface, the feathers being blackish 

 in the centre with light Bandy-buff edges, broadez and rather more 



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