4, CICONIA. 301 



Irhy, Key List Brit. B. p. 33 (1888) ; Harvie-Brotvn 8f Buckley, 

 Vert. Faun. Outer Uebr. p. 96(1688); Eeichen. Si/st. Verz. Vog. 

 Dentschl. p. 42 (188!)); St. John, III.", 1S85>, p. 178 (Caiidahar) ; 

 Lilfiiril, t. c. p. 344 (Cyprus) : Saunders, Man. Brit. B. p. 375 

 (1889) ; Gitil. Avif. Ital., 1st Resoc. p. 446 (1880) ; id. Ird Resoc. 

 p. 648 (181)0) ; id. V,rd Resoc. p. 509 ( 1891) ; Koenif/, J. f. O. 1890, 

 p. 313 (Madeira) ; Gdtke, Vogelw. Helyol. -p. 466 '(1891); Mada- 

 rdsz, Erliiut. Ausst. Umjar. Vo<jelf. p. 106 (1891); W. Evans, 

 Ibis, 1891, p. 70 (Incubation) ; Sharpe, t. c. -p. 1 j2 (Fao) ; Reiser, 

 Voyels Landesm. Sarajevo,^. 106(1891); Frivaldsky, Av. Hung. 

 p. 134 (1891) ; Harvie Broion Sf Buckley, Vertehr. Fau.i. Argyll 

 ^ Inner Hebr. p. 119 (1892); Seebohni, Ibis, lb92, p. 21 (Heli- 

 goland); Marph. Vertebr. Faini. Lakel. p. 230 (1892); Lilford, 

 Col. Fig. Brit. B. part xxiii. (1893); Meade- Waldo, Ibis, 1893, 

 p. 199 (Canary Is.) ; Munn, Ibis, 1894, p. 71 (Calcutta distr., 

 Jan.) ; Chapman, t. c. p. 345 (WesBt Jutland) ; Irby, Orn. Sir. 

 Gihr. '2i\d ed. -p. 207 (1895); Gcitke, Heligol. (Eng-l. ed.) p. 452 

 (1895) ; Munn, Ibis, 1897, p. 58 (Tangier & Tetuan, May) ; 

 Saunders, t. c. p. 87 (Pyrenees); Koenig, J.f. O. 1897, pp. 195, 

 197 (Algeria) ; Floericke, t. c. p. 402 (Kurische Nehrung). 



Cicoiiia albescens, Brehm, Vogel Deutschl. p. 574 (1831). 



Ciconia nivea, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 574. 



Ciconia Candida, Brehm, torn. cit. p. 575. 



Ciconia major, Brehm, Naumannia, 1855, p. 289. . 



Ciconia alba asiatica, Severtz. Turkest. Jevotyi. p. 145 (1873). 



Ciconia azretti, Severtz. torn. cit. p. 68. 



Ciconia alba, var. major, Severtz. torn. cit. p. 68. 



Ciconia alba, var. orientalis, Severtz. Sir. F. iii. p. 431 (1875 : 

 Tuj'kestan). 



Ciconia mycteriorhyncba, Severtz. torn. cit. p. 431. 



Ciconia mycteriiarhyncha, Dresser, Ibis, 1876, p. 324. 



C'conia asiatica, Reichen. J.f. 0. 1877, p. 171. 



Ciconia azretb, Bogdan. Consp. Av. Imp. Ross. p. 117 (1884). 



Ciconia ciconia, Ilartert, Kat. Vogelssamml. Mns. Senckenb. p. 204 

 (1891) ; id. Ibis, 1892, p. 512 (E. Prussia) ; Reichen. Vdg. deidsch- 

 Osf-Afr. p. 59 (1894: Victoria Nyanza; Wualaba ; Igonda ; 

 Kakouia ; 8imiu River) ; Shelley, B. Afr. i. p. 1,59 (1896) : 

 Shar2^e, Handb. Brit. B. iii. p. 97, pi. Ixx. '(1896). 



Adult wale. General colour above and below pure white, 

 includiog the tail-feathers ; lesser and median wing-coverts also 

 white : scaiiulars, greater coverts, bastard-wing, primar}-- coverts, 

 and quills black, with a purplish or greenish gloss; the inner 

 primaries and the secondaries powdered with slaty grey on the outer 

 web, generally sub-marginally, the grey varying in extent on the 

 different feathers, being almost entirely wanting in some : " bill 

 dark red ; pouch black forwards, vermilion at gullet ; legs and 

 feet redilisli pink, claws black " {J. Scully). Totallength 36 inches, 

 culmen S;3, wing 23-5, tail 98, tarsus 8-8. 



Adult f> "(lie. Similar to the male. Total length 36 inches, 

 culm.'ii S'l, wing 23, tail 9, tarsus 9. 



Yo'iihi. lle-embles the adult, but the scapulars and quills arc 

 browner iind not so glossy blick. 



The I'ill varies considerably in size, and there is also great 

 variation in ihc anmunt of grey powdering on the quills. In a 



